运算库之numpy(数组的生成方式)

数组的生成方式主要有以下
1.生成全是1或者全是0的数组
    1. np.zeros(shape, dtype=)
        shape：要生成数组的shape
        dtype：指定生成数组的类型，可以传入字符串，也可以传入np.int32这种类型
        return：生成一个全为0的数组
    2. np.ones(shape, dtype=float)
        与np.zeros的参数解释相同，只不过生成的全为1
    3. np.zeros_like(a, dtype=)
        a：具有一定shape的数组
        dtype：指定生成数组的类型
        return：生成元素全为0的数组，并且数组的shape和a数组的shape相同
    4. np.ones_like()
        a：具有一定shape的数组
        dtype：指定生成数组的类型
        return：生成元素全为1的数组，并且数组的shape和a数组的shape相同
2.根据现有的数组或者列表生成数组
    1. np.array(object)
        object：传入一个数组或者一个列表
        return：返回一个类似object的数组
    2. np.copy()
        object：传入一个数组或者一个列表
        return：返回一个类似object的数组
    3. np.asarray()
        object：传入一个数组或者一个列表
        return：返回一个类似object的数组
    以上1、2、3种方式的区别：
        1和2这种方式是深拷贝，因此object改变的时候，其不改变
        3这种方式是浅拷贝，当object改变的时候，改变
3.生成等距数组
    1. np.linspace(start, stop, num=50, dtype=None)
        start：起始数字
        stop：停止数字
        dtype：和上方类似
        num：要生成数组的个数，即size值
        return：生成一个一维数组，size为num，[start, stop]，既包含start又包含stop
    2. np.arange(start, stop, step, dtype=None)
        start：起始数字
        stop：停止数字
        step：步长
        dtype：指定生成的数据类型
        return：生成一个一维数组，单数[start, stop)
4.生成随机数组
    生成随时数组的方法涉及到一个叫np.random的文件库。涉及的内容较多，因此下一个博客进行讲解。

生成全是1或者全是0的数组

代码： 

import numpy as np

a1 = np.zeros(shape=(2, 3), dtype='float32')
a2 = np.ones(shape=(2, 3), dtype='int32')
a3 = np.zeros_like(a2, dtype='float32')
a4 = np.ones_like(a1, dtype='int32')

print('a1\n', a1)
print('a2\n', a2)
print('a3\n', a3)
print('a4\n', a4)

 输出：

a1
 [[0. 0. 0.]
 [0. 0. 0.]]
a2
 [[1 1 1]
 [1 1 1]]
a3
 [[0. 0. 0.]
 [0. 0. 0.]]
a4
 [[1 1 1]
 [1 1 1]]

 根据现有的数组或者列表生成数组

代码： 

import numpy as np

a = np.random.random(size=100).reshape(25, 4)
a1 = np.array(a)
a2 = np.copy(a)
a3 = np.asarray(a)
print('a1\n', a1)
print('a2\n', a2)
print('a3\n', a3)

# 现在对a进行改变，看a1、a2、a3的变化
a[2, 3] = 1000

print('a1\n', a1)
print('a2\n', a2)
print('a3\n', a3)

 输出：

a1
 [[0.4443591  0.77235535 0.70408659 0.7100678 ]
 [0.20654299 0.57791234 0.51908924 0.21611786]
 [0.19209546 0.12537469 0.57451667 0.39384847]
 [0.56099947 0.50405189 0.49785037 0.15339085]
 [0.78543241 0.13258083 0.83902818 0.51477165]
 [0.53328557 0.04884519 0.26138197 0.91695475]
 [0.78919673 0.46513784 0.64018896 0.41076057]
 [0.31457807 0.47066509 0.56244957 0.31800956]
 [0.87015114 0.54254032 0.53020231 0.93588723]
 [0.55808408 0.87839118 0.13793499 0.08434389]
 [0.66104638 0.75385602 0.03857553 0.92323646]
 [0.36514835 0.75603561 0.62923091 0.31988518]
 [0.70879002 0.94980246 0.60214083 0.0105897 ]
 [0.67001126 0.97128269 0.87702772 0.2537137 ]
 [0.47076235 0.17671185 0.80909162 0.39452497]
 [0.43444365 0.55020966 0.76567009 0.10754893]
 [0.31509098 0.65846287 0.83873025 0.61871174]
 [0.7820654  0.79442583 0.3085733  0.90998372]
 [0.24157847 0.27333285 0.65787049 0.32542588]
 [0.90744759 0.80026597 0.68065019 0.91434453]
 [0.33096979 0.29327151 0.46516995 0.88276308]
 [0.0571056  0.70756883 0.9617958  0.39517084]
 [0.99236673 0.20358492 0.84295128 0.24620223]
 [0.09113095 0.70073907 0.82114206 0.07737442]
 [0.76346397 0.4848055  0.99820779 0.55321347]]
a2
 [[0.4443591  0.77235535 0.70408659 0.7100678 ]
 [0.20654299 0.57791234 0.51908924 0.21611786]
 [0.19209546 0.12537469 0.57451667 0.39384847]
 [0.56099947 0.50405189 0.49785037 0.15339085]
 [0.78543241 0.13258083 0.83902818 0.51477165]
 [0.53328557 0.04884519 0.26138197 0.91695475]
 [0.78919673 0.46513784 0.64018896 0.41076057]
 [0.31457807 0.47066509 0.56244957 0.31800956]
 [0.87015114 0.54254032 0.53020231 0.93588723]
 [0.55808408 0.87839118 0.13793499 0.08434389]
 [0.66104638 0.75385602 0.03857553 0.92323646]
 [0.36514835 0.75603561 0.62923091 0.31988518]
 [0.70879002 0.94980246 0.60214083 0.0105897 ]
 [0.67001126 0.97128269 0.87702772 0.2537137 ]
 [0.47076235 0.17671185 0.80909162 0.39452497]
 [0.43444365 0.55020966 0.76567009 0.10754893]
 [0.31509098 0.65846287 0.83873025 0.61871174]
 [0.7820654  0.79442583 0.3085733  0.90998372]
 [0.24157847 0.27333285 0.65787049 0.32542588]
 [0.90744759 0.80026597 0.68065019 0.91434453]
 [0.33096979 0.29327151 0.46516995 0.88276308]
 [0.0571056  0.70756883 0.9617958  0.39517084]
 [0.99236673 0.20358492 0.84295128 0.24620223]
 [0.09113095 0.70073907 0.82114206 0.07737442]
 [0.76346397 0.4848055  0.99820779 0.55321347]]
a3
 [[0.4443591  0.77235535 0.70408659 0.7100678 ]
 [0.20654299 0.57791234 0.51908924 0.21611786]
 [0.19209546 0.12537469 0.57451667 0.39384847]
 [0.56099947 0.50405189 0.49785037 0.15339085]
 [0.78543241 0.13258083 0.83902818 0.51477165]
 [0.53328557 0.04884519 0.26138197 0.91695475]
 [0.78919673 0.46513784 0.64018896 0.41076057]
 [0.31457807 0.47066509 0.56244957 0.31800956]
 [0.87015114 0.54254032 0.53020231 0.93588723]
 [0.55808408 0.87839118 0.13793499 0.08434389]
 [0.66104638 0.75385602 0.03857553 0.92323646]
 [0.36514835 0.75603561 0.62923091 0.31988518]
 [0.70879002 0.94980246 0.60214083 0.0105897 ]
 [0.67001126 0.97128269 0.87702772 0.2537137 ]
 [0.47076235 0.17671185 0.80909162 0.39452497]
 [0.43444365 0.55020966 0.76567009 0.10754893]
 [0.31509098 0.65846287 0.83873025 0.61871174]
 [0.7820654  0.79442583 0.3085733  0.90998372]
 [0.24157847 0.27333285 0.65787049 0.32542588]
 [0.90744759 0.80026597 0.68065019 0.91434453]
 [0.33096979 0.29327151 0.46516995 0.88276308]
 [0.0571056  0.70756883 0.9617958  0.39517084]
 [0.99236673 0.20358492 0.84295128 0.24620223]
 [0.09113095 0.70073907 0.82114206 0.07737442]
 [0.76346397 0.4848055  0.99820779 0.55321347]]
a1
 [[0.4443591  0.77235535 0.70408659 0.7100678 ]
 [0.20654299 0.57791234 0.51908924 0.21611786]
 [0.19209546 0.12537469 0.57451667 0.39384847]
 [0.56099947 0.50405189 0.49785037 0.15339085]
 [0.78543241 0.13258083 0.83902818 0.51477165]
 [0.53328557 0.04884519 0.26138197 0.91695475]
 [0.78919673 0.46513784 0.64018896 0.41076057]
 [0.31457807 0.47066509 0.56244957 0.31800956]
 [0.87015114 0.54254032 0.53020231 0.93588723]
 [0.55808408 0.87839118 0.13793499 0.08434389]
 [0.66104638 0.75385602 0.03857553 0.92323646]
 [0.36514835 0.75603561 0.62923091 0.31988518]
 [0.70879002 0.94980246 0.60214083 0.0105897 ]
 [0.67001126 0.97128269 0.87702772 0.2537137 ]
 [0.47076235 0.17671185 0.80909162 0.39452497]
 [0.43444365 0.55020966 0.76567009 0.10754893]
 [0.31509098 0.65846287 0.83873025 0.61871174]
 [0.7820654  0.79442583 0.3085733  0.90998372]
 [0.24157847 0.27333285 0.65787049 0.32542588]
 [0.90744759 0.80026597 0.68065019 0.91434453]
 [0.33096979 0.29327151 0.46516995 0.88276308]
 [0.0571056  0.70756883 0.9617958  0.39517084]
 [0.99236673 0.20358492 0.84295128 0.24620223]
 [0.09113095 0.70073907 0.82114206 0.07737442]
 [0.76346397 0.4848055  0.99820779 0.55321347]]
a2
 [[0.4443591  0.77235535 0.70408659 0.7100678 ]
 [0.20654299 0.57791234 0.51908924 0.21611786]
 [0.19209546 0.12537469 0.57451667 0.39384847]
 [0.56099947 0.50405189 0.49785037 0.15339085]
 [0.78543241 0.13258083 0.83902818 0.51477165]
 [0.53328557 0.04884519 0.26138197 0.91695475]
 [0.78919673 0.46513784 0.64018896 0.41076057]
 [0.31457807 0.47066509 0.56244957 0.31800956]
 [0.87015114 0.54254032 0.53020231 0.93588723]
 [0.55808408 0.87839118 0.13793499 0.08434389]
 [0.66104638 0.75385602 0.03857553 0.92323646]
 [0.36514835 0.75603561 0.62923091 0.31988518]
 [0.70879002 0.94980246 0.60214083 0.0105897 ]
 [0.67001126 0.97128269 0.87702772 0.2537137 ]
 [0.47076235 0.17671185 0.80909162 0.39452497]
 [0.43444365 0.55020966 0.76567009 0.10754893]
 [0.31509098 0.65846287 0.83873025 0.61871174]
 [0.7820654  0.79442583 0.3085733  0.90998372]
 [0.24157847 0.27333285 0.65787049 0.32542588]
 [0.90744759 0.80026597 0.68065019 0.91434453]
 [0.33096979 0.29327151 0.46516995 0.88276308]
 [0.0571056  0.70756883 0.9617958  0.39517084]
 [0.99236673 0.20358492 0.84295128 0.24620223]
 [0.09113095 0.70073907 0.82114206 0.07737442]
 [0.76346397 0.4848055  0.99820779 0.55321347]]
a3
 [[4.44359102e-01 7.72355348e-01 7.04086590e-01 7.10067797e-01]
 [2.06542989e-01 5.77912335e-01 5.19089242e-01 2.16117864e-01]
 [1.92095461e-01 1.25374694e-01 5.74516667e-01 1.00000000e+03]
 [5.60999474e-01 5.04051894e-01 4.97850374e-01 1.53390847e-01]
 [7.85432409e-01 1.32580833e-01 8.39028178e-01 5.14771646e-01]
 [5.33285569e-01 4.88451939e-02 2.61381969e-01 9.16954748e-01]
 [7.89196731e-01 4.65137842e-01 6.40188961e-01 4.10760566e-01]
 [3.14578067e-01 4.70665093e-01 5.62449567e-01 3.18009558e-01]
 [8.70151139e-01 5.42540322e-01 5.30202309e-01 9.35887235e-01]
 [5.58084079e-01 8.78391182e-01 1.37934988e-01 8.43438936e-02]
 [6.61046380e-01 7.53856022e-01 3.85755306e-02 9.23236459e-01]
 [3.65148353e-01 7.56035607e-01 6.29230911e-01 3.19885183e-01]
 [7.08790017e-01 9.49802460e-01 6.02140831e-01 1.05896962e-02]
 [6.70011260e-01 9.71282692e-01 8.77027717e-01 2.53713705e-01]
 [4.70762348e-01 1.76711847e-01 8.09091621e-01 3.94524972e-01]
 [4.34443646e-01 5.50209663e-01 7.65670087e-01 1.07548933e-01]
 [3.15090978e-01 6.58462868e-01 8.38730246e-01 6.18711742e-01]
 [7.82065399e-01 7.94425831e-01 3.08573300e-01 9.09983716e-01]
 [2.41578474e-01 2.73332848e-01 6.57870489e-01 3.25425877e-01]
 [9.07447591e-01 8.00265973e-01 6.80650187e-01 9.14344530e-01]
 [3.30969791e-01 2.93271510e-01 4.65169953e-01 8.82763080e-01]
 [5.71055993e-02 7.07568828e-01 9.61795801e-01 3.95170835e-01]
 [9.92366733e-01 2.03584916e-01 8.42951276e-01 2.46202228e-01]
 [9.11309541e-02 7.00739071e-01 8.21142061e-01 7.73744160e-02]
 [7.63463973e-01 4.84805502e-01 9.98207794e-01 5.53213473e-01]]

生成等距数组 

代码：

import numpy as np

a1 = np.linspace(10, 20, 11, dtype='float32')
a2 = np.arange(10, 20, 1, dtype='int32')
print('a1\n', a1)
print('a2\n', a2)

输出：

a1
 [10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.]
a2
 [10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19]

学习地址：

黑马程序员Python教程，4天快速入门Python数据挖掘，系统精讲+实战案例_哔哩哔哩_bilibili