java String StringBuffer StringBuilder 三者的比较

1.速度方面

public static void main(String args[]){
		
		String str="abc";
		long time1=System.currentTimeMillis();
		for(int i=0;i<100000;i++){
			str=str+"abc";
		}
		long time2=System.currentTimeMillis();
		System.out.println("String:"+(time2-time1));
		
		
		StringBuffer  stringBuffer =new StringBuffer("abc");
		time1=System.currentTimeMillis();
		for(int i=0;i<100000000;i++){
			stringBuffer.append("abc");
		}
		time2=System.currentTimeMillis();
		System.out.println("StringBuffer:"+(time2-time1));
		
		StringBuilder stringBuilder=new StringBuilder("abc"); 
		time1=System.currentTimeMillis();
		for(int i=0;i<100000000;i++){
			stringBuilder.append("abc");
		}
		time2=System.currentTimeMillis();
		System.out.println("StringBuilder:"+(time2-time1));
		
	}

结果

String:9427
StringBuffer:1653
StringBuilder:1486

由此可见StringBuilder > StringBuffer > String

2.线程安全方面

public static String string="a";
	public static StringBuffer stringbuffer=new StringBuffer("a");
	public static StringBuilder stringbuilder=new StringBuilder("a");

	
	public static void main(String args[]){
		ExecutorService exe = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);  
        for (int i=0;i<100000;i++) {
        	String  word="-";
            exe.execute(new Runnable() {
				public void run() {
					string+=word+"";
					stringbuffer.append(word);
					stringbuilder.append(word);
				}
            });  
        }
        
        exe.shutdown();  
        while (!exe.isTerminated()) { 
            try {
				Thread.sleep(200);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}  
        }
        System.out.println("String:"+string.length());
        System.out.println("stringbuffer:"+stringbuffer.length());
        System.out.println("stringbuilder:"+stringbuilder.length());
		
	}

结果

String:17530
stringbuffer:100001
stringbuilder:99752

可见String 和 StringBuider是非线程安全的  Stringbuffer是线程安全的

分析：String追加字符串的过程是JVM又创建了一个新的对象，然后再把原来的string的值和“”内的值加起来再赋值给新的string

所以该过程缓慢而且非线程安全，StringBuider和Stringbuffer追加字符串是在同一个对象上操作，所以执行速度快，两者append函数的具体实现如下

 @Override
    public synchronized StringBuffer append(String str) {
        toStringCache = null;
        super.append(str);
        return this;
    }

 @Override
    public StringBuilder append(String str) {
        super.append(str);
        return this;
    }

可见StringBuffer函数上加了synchronized关键字所以是线程安全，这也是他速度较StringBuilder为慢的原因