Kubernetes安装

一、系统环境

1、服务器

服务器服务服务器 IP
masterapiserver, controller-manager, scheduler,etcd10.39.7.69
nodeflannel, docker, kubelet, kube-proxy10.39.7.31

在/etc/hosts文件中添加如下解析信息:

10.39.7.69  ETCDServer K8smaster

下载安装文件

 wget https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/releases/download/v1.13.1/kubernetes.tar.gz

解压文件tar -xvf kubernetes.tar.gz

[root@i-8vcbbz8d k8sinst]# cd kubernetes
[root@i-8vcbbz8d kubernetes]# ls -l
total 6156
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root    4096 Dec 13 19:18 client
drwxr-xr-x 13 root root    4096 Dec 13 19:18 cluster
drwxr-xr-x  7 root root    4096 Dec 13 19:18 docs
drwxr-xr-x  3 root root    4096 Dec 13 19:18 hack
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 6273808 Dec 13 19:18 LICENSES
-rw-r--r--  1 root root    3179 Dec 13 19:18 README.md
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root    4096 Dec 13 19:18 server
-rw-r--r--  1 root root       8 Dec 13 19:18 version

执行脚本kubernetes/cluster/get-kube-binaries.sh,下载

解压文件kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz 

 

下载etcd

https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases

wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.3.10/etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64.tar.gz

 

永久关闭SELinux

修改/etc/selinux/config 
SELINUX=disabled

关闭Swap

swapoff -a && sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0
vi /etc/fstab
#UUID=7bff6243-324c-4587-b550-55dc34018ebf swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

创建etcd和k8s的安装目录

mkdir /k8s/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
mkdir /k8s/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p

二、安装

1、建认证证书

安装配置cfssl

[root@i-8vcbbz8d ssl]# curl -s -L -o /bin/cfssl https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64 
[root@i-8vcbbz8d ssl]# curl -s -L -o /bin/cfssljson https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64 
[root@i-8vcbbz8d ssl]# curl -s -L -o /bin/cfssl-certinfo https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
[root@i-8vcbbz8d ssl]# chmod +x /bin/cfssl*

创建 ETCD 证书

cat << EOF | tee ca-config.json
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "www": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF

创建 ETCD CA 配置文件

cat << EOF | tee ca-csr.json
{
    "CN": "etcd CA",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Hebei",
            "ST": "Langfang"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

创建 ETCD Server 证书

cat << EOF | tee server-csr.json
{
    "CN": "etcd",
    "hosts": [
    "10.39.7.69",
    "10.39.7.12"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Hebei",
            "ST": "Langfang"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

生成 ETCD CA 证书和私钥

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

创建 Kubernetes CA 证书

cat << EOF | tee ca-config.json
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "kubernetes": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF
cat << EOF | tee ca-csr.json
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Hebei",
            "ST": "Langfang",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

生成API_SERVER证书

cat << EOF | tee server-csr.json
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "hosts": [
      "16.0.0.1",
      "127.0.0.1",
      "10.39.7.69",
      "kubernetes",
      "kubernetes.default",
      "kubernetes.default.svc",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Hebei",
            "ST": "Langfang",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

创建 Kubernetes Proxy 证书

cat << EOF | tee kube-proxy-csr.json
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "Hebei",
      "ST": "Langfang",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy

1.8、 ssh-key认证

# ssh-keygen 
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:FQjjiRDp8IKGT+UDM+GbQLBzF3DqDJ+pKnMIcHGyO/o root@qas-k8s-master01
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|o.==o o. ..      |
|ooB+o+ o.  .     |
|B++@o o   .      |
|=X**o    .       |
|o=O. .  S        |
|..+              |
|oo .             |
|* .              |
|o+E              |
+----[SHA256]-----+

2、安装etcd

解压etcd文件

tar -xvf etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64.tar.gz

cd etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64

cp etcd etcdctl /k8s/etcd/bin/

cp etcd /usr/bin/

cp etcdctl /usr/bin/

创建配置文件

vim /k8s/etcd/cfg/etcd

ETCD_NAME=ETCDServer 
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/k8s/etcd/data/"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://0.0.0.0:2379"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://10.39.7.69:2379"

在/etc/systemd/system/目录里创建etcd.service

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service

[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/k8s/etcd/cfg/etcd
ExecStart=/k8s/etcd/bin/etcd \
--cert-file=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

 

启动etcd服务

systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl enable etcd

systemctl start etcd

检查etcd状态

2、安装Docker
安装docker

yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
yum install docker-ce -y
systemctl start docker && systemctl enable docker

设置Docker所需参数

cat << EOF | tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf

修改docker 默认的数据目录

创建目标目录

mkdir /k8s/docker

停止docker服务,将原来docker目录中的数据复制到目标目录

重命名/var/lib/docker为/var/lib/docker.bak

创建软连接

ln -s /k8s/docker /var/lib/docker

重启docker,并检查docker数据目录


3、部署Flannel网络

向etcd输入集群Pod的网段信息

etcdctl set /coreos.com/network/config '{ "Network": "172.18.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}'

写入的 Pod 网段 ${CLUSTER_CIDR} 必须是 /16 段地址,必须与 kube-controller-manager 的 –cluster-cidr 参数值一致。

下载flannel

 https://github.com/coreos/flannel/releases/download/v0.10.0/flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz

解压文件 tar -xvf flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz

cp flanneld mk-docker-opts.sh /k8s/kubernetes/bin/

配置Flannel

vim /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld
FLANNEL_OPTIONS="--etcd-endpoints=https://10.39.7.69:2379 -etcd-cafile=/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem -etcd-certfile=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem -etcd-keyfile=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"

创建 flanneld 的 systemd unit 文件

配置Docker启动指定子网段

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service

启动服务
systemctl start flanneld
systemctl enable flanneld
systemctl start docker

将flanneld systemd unit 文件到所有节点

cd /k8s/kubernetes/bin
scp flanneld mk-docker-opts.sh 10.39.7.12:/k8s/kubernetes/bin
scp /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld 10.39.7.12:/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service 10.39.7.12:/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service 
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service  10.39.7.12:/usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service 

/k8s/etcd
scp -r ssl 10.39.7.12:/k8s/etcd

启动服务
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start flanneld
systemctl enable flanneld
systemctl restart docker

4、安装K8s Master

kubernetes master 节点运行如下组件:

  • kube-apiserver
  • kube-scheduler
  • kube-controller-manager

将这三个组建复制到 /k8s/kubernetes/bin/

cp kube-scheduler kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kubectl /k8s/kubernetes/bin/

部署 kube-apiserver 组件

创建 TLS Bootstrapping Token

# head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '
13589f773408da6c4d883a00b03e9f8a

vim /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv
13589f773408da6c4d883a00b03e9f8a,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"

创建apiserver配置文件

vim /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver 
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--etcd-servers=https://10.39.7.69:2379 \
--bind-address=10.39.7.69 \
--secure-port=6443 \
--advertise-address=10.39.7.69 \
--allow-privileged=true \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
--token-auth-file=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \
--service-node-port-range=30000-50000 \
--tls-cert-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem  \
--tls-private-key-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \
--client-ca-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-key-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--etcd-cafile=/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--etcd-certfile=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--etcd-keyfile=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"

创建 kube-apiserver systemd unit 文件

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service 

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver
ExecStart=/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
systemctl start kube-apiserver

查看apiserver是否运行

ps -ef |grep kube-apiserver

部署kube-scheduler

创建kube-scheduler配置文件

vim  /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler 

KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true --v=4 --master=127.0.0.1:8080 --leader-elect"
  • –address:在 127.0.0.1:10251 端口接收 http /metrics 请求;kube-scheduler 目前还不支持接收 https 请求;
  • –kubeconfig:指定 kubeconfig 文件路径,kube-scheduler 使用它连接和验证 kube-apiserver;
  • –leader-elect=true:集群运行模式,启用选举功能;被选为 leader 的节点负责处理工作,其它节点为阻塞状态;

创建kube-scheduler systemd unit 文件

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service 

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler
ExecStart=/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-scheduler.service 
systemctl start kube-scheduler.service

查看kube-scheduler是否运行

部署kube-controller-manager

创建kube-controller-manager配置文件

vim /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager

KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \
--leader-elect=true \
--address=127.0.0.1 \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \
--cluster-name=kubernetes \
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cluster-signing-key-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \
--root-ca-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-private-key-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem"

创建kube-controller-manager systemd unit 文件

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager
ExecStart=/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl enable kube-controller-manager

systemctl start kube-controller-manager

查看kube-controller-manager是否运行

将可执行文件路/k8s/kubernetes/ 添加到 PATH 变量中

vim /etc/profile
PATH=/k8s/kubernetes/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin
source /etc/profile

查看master集群状态

# kubectl get cs,nodes

5、部署node 节点

kubernetes work 节点运行如下组件:

  • docker 前面已经部署
  • kubelet
  • kube-proxy

部署 kubelet 组件

  • kublet 运行在每个 worker 节点上,接收 kube-apiserver 发送的请求,管理 Pod 容器,执行交互式命令,如exec、run、logs 等;
  • kublet 启动时自动向 kube-apiserver 注册节点信息,内置的 cadvisor 统计和监控节点的资源使用情况;

将安装包中的kubelet、kube-proxy复制到node节点和master节点目录中

cp kubelet kube-proxy /k8s/kubernetes/bin/

创建 kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 文件

vim  environment.sh
# 创建kubelet bootstrapping kubeconfig 
BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=13589f773408da6c4d883a00b03e9f8a
KUBE_APISERVER="https:/10.39.7.69:6443"
# 设置集群参数
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=./ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

# 设置客户端认证参数
kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap \
  --token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

# 设置上下文参数
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kubelet-bootstrap \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

# 设置默认上下文
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

#----------------------

# 创建kube-proxy kubeconfig文件

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=./ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
  --client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-proxy \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

修改脚本权限并执行

将bootstrap kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig 文件拷贝到所有 nodes节点的cfg目录下

cp bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/

创建kubelet 参数配置文件拷贝到所有 nodes节点

创建 kubelet 参数配置模板文件:

vim /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 10.39.7.12
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS: ["10.0.0.2"]
clusterDomain: cluster.local.
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: true

创建kubelet配置文件

vim /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--hostname-override=10.39.7.12 \
--kubeconfig=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \
--config=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config \
--cert-dir=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl \
--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0"

创建kubelet systemd unit 文件

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service 
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet
ExecStart=/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
KillMode=process

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

将kubelet-bootstrap用户绑定到系统集群角色(在master节点上执行)

kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
  --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
  --user=kubelet-bootstrap

启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl start kubelet

检查服务状态

approve kubelet CSR 请求

kubectl get csr
NAME                                                   AGE     REQUESTOR           CONDITION
node-csr-4TUZLMzoQkAtSWfZ5NsCzka-Zt9ZphFa9_CayLMNaC0   22m     kubelet-bootstrap   Pending
node-csr-jXn7fjHvENr2KEgGV3A3dOmi5LWly_qlH_z-vgQtx24   3h20m   kubelet-bootstrap   Pending

kubectl certificate approve node-csr-4TUZLMzoQkAtSWfZ5NsCzka-Zt9ZphFa9_CayLMNaC0
certificatesigningrequest.certificates.k8s.io/node-csr-4TUZLMzoQkAtSWfZ5NsCzka-Zt9ZphFa9_CayLMNaC0 approved

kubectl certificate approve node-csr-jXn7fjHvENr2KEgGV3A3dOmi5LWly_qlH_z-vgQtx24
certificatesigningrequest.certificates.k8s.io/node-csr-jXn7fjHvENr2KEgGV3A3dOmi5LWly_qlH_z-vgQtx24 approved
[
kubectl get csr
NAME                                                   AGE     REQUESTOR           CONDITION
node-csr-4TUZLMzoQkAtSWfZ5NsCzka-Zt9ZphFa9_CayLMNaC0   25m     kubelet-bootstrap   Approved,Issued
node-csr-jXn7fjHvENr2KEgGV3A3dOmi5LWly_qlH_z-vgQtx24   3h22m   kubelet-bootstrap   Approved,Issued

部署 kube-proxy 组件

kube-proxy 运行在所有 node节点上,它监听 apiserver 中 service 和 Endpoint 的变化情况,创建路由规则来进行服务负载均衡。

创建 kube-proxy 配置文件

vim /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--hostname-override=10.39.7.12 \
--cluster-cidr=10.0.0.0/24 \
--kubeconfig=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig"
  • bindAddress: 监听地址;
  • clientConnection.kubeconfig: 连接 apiserver 的 kubeconfig 文件;
  • clusterCIDR: kube-proxy 根据 –cluster-cidr 判断集群内部和外部流量,指定 –cluster-cidr 或 –masquerade-all 选项后 kube-proxy 才会对访问 Service IP 的请求做 SNAT;
  • hostnameOverride: 参数值必须与 kubelet 的值一致,否则 kube-proxy 启动后会找不到该 Node,从而不会创建任何 ipvs 规则;
  • mode: 使用 ipvs 模式

创建kube-proxy systemd unit 文件

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service 

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy
ExecStart=/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy $KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-proxy
systemctl start kube-proxy
# systemctl status kube-proxy

为节点打标签

kubectl label node 10.39.7.69  node-role.kubernetes.io/master='master'
kubectl label node 10.39.7.12  node-role.kubernetes.io/node='node'

检查集群状态

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