Ordering是Guava类库提供的一个犀利强大的比较器工具,Guava的Ordering和JDK Comparator相比功能更强。它非常容易扩展,可以轻松构造复杂的comparator,然后用在容器的比较、排序等操作中。
本质上来说,Ordering 实例无非就是一个特殊的Comparator 实例。Ordering只是需要依赖于一个比较器(例如,Collections.max)的方法,并使其可作为实例方法。另外,Ordering提供了链式方法调用和加强现有的比较器。
下面我们看看Ordering中的一些具体方法和简单的使用实例。
常见的静态方法:
natural():使用Comparable类型的自然顺序, 例如:整数从小到大,字符串是按字典顺序;
usingToString() :使用toString()返回的字符串按字典顺序进行排序;
arbitrary() :返回一个所有对象的任意顺序, 即compare(a, b) == 0 就是 a == b (identity equality)。 本身的排序是没有任何含义, 但是在VM的生命周期是一个常量。
简单实例:
import java.util.List; import org.junit.Test; import com.google.common.collect.Lists; import com.google.common.collect.Ordering; public class OrderingTest { @Test public void testStaticOrdering(){ List<String> list = Lists.newArrayList(); list.add("peida"); list.add("jerry"); list.add("harry"); list.add("eva"); list.add("jhon"); list.add("neron"); System.out.println("list:"+ list); Ordering<String> naturalOrdering = Ordering.natural(); Ordering<Object> usingToStringOrdering = Ordering.usingToString(); Ordering<Object> arbitraryOrdering = Ordering.arbitrary(); System.out.println("naturalOrdering:"+ naturalOrdering.sortedCopy(list)); System.out.println("usingToStringOrdering:"+ usingToStringOrdering.sortedCopy(list)); System.out.println("arbitraryOrdering:"+ arbitraryOrdering.sortedCopy(list)); } }
输出:
list:[peida, jerry, harry, eva, jhon, neron]
naturalOrdering:[eva, harry, jerry, jhon, neron, peida]
usingToStringOrdering:[eva, harry, jerry, jhon, neron, peida]
arbitraryOrdering:[neron, harry, eva, jerry, peida, jhon]
比较器的其他操作方法:
reverse(): 返回与当前Ordering相反的排序:
nullsFirst(): 返回一个将null放在non-null元素之前的Ordering,其他的和原始的Ordering一样;
nullsLast():返回一个将null放在non-null元素之后的Ordering,其他的和原始的Ordering一样;
compound(Comparator):返回一个使用Comparator的Ordering,Comparator作为第二排序元素,例如对bug列表进行排序,先根据bug的级别,再根据优先级进行排序;
lexicographical():返回一个按照字典元素迭代的Ordering;
onResultOf(Function):将function应用在各个元素上之后, 在使用原始ordering进行排序;
greatestOf(Iterable iterable, int k):返回指定的第k个可迭代的最大的元素,按照这个从最大到最小的顺序。是不稳定的。
leastOf(Iterable<E> iterable,int k):返回指定的第k个可迭代的最小的元素,按照这个从最小到最大的顺序。是不稳定的。
isOrdered(Iterable):是否有序,Iterable不能少于2个元素。
isStrictlyOrdered(Iterable):是否严格有序。请注意,Iterable不能少于两个元素。
sortedCopy(Iterable):返回指定的元素作为一个列表的排序副本。
package com.peidasoft.guava.base; import java.util.List; import org.junit.Test; import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList; import com.google.common.collect.Lists; import com.google.common.collect.Ordering; public class OrderingTest { @Test public void testOrdering(){ List<String> list = Lists.newArrayList(); list.add("peida"); list.add("jerry"); list.add("harry"); list.add("eva"); list.add("jhon"); list.add("neron"); System.out.println("list:"+ list); Ordering<String> naturalOrdering = Ordering.natural(); System.out.println("naturalOrdering:"+ naturalOrdering.sortedCopy(list)); List<Integer> listReduce= Lists.newArrayList(); for(int i=9;i>0;i--){ listReduce.add(i); } List<Integer> listtest= Lists.newArrayList(); listtest.add(1); listtest.add(1); listtest.add(1); listtest.add(2); Ordering<Integer> naturalIntReduceOrdering = Ordering.natural(); System.out.println("listtest:"+ listtest); System.out.println(naturalIntReduceOrdering.isOrdered(listtest)); System.out.println(naturalIntReduceOrdering.isStrictlyOrdered(listtest)); System.out.println("naturalIntReduceOrdering:"+ naturalIntReduceOrdering.sortedCopy(listReduce)); System.out.println("listReduce:"+ listReduce); System.out.println(naturalIntReduceOrdering.isOrdered(naturalIntReduceOrdering.sortedCopy(listReduce))); System.out.println(naturalIntReduceOrdering.isStrictlyOrdered(naturalIntReduceOrdering.sortedCopy(listReduce))); Ordering<String> natural = Ordering.natural(); List<String> abc = ImmutableList.of("a", "b", "c"); System.out.println(natural.isOrdered(abc)); System.out.println(natural.isStrictlyOrdered(abc)); System.out.println("isOrdered reverse :"+ natural.reverse().isOrdered(abc)); List<String> cba = ImmutableList.of("c", "b", "a"); System.out.println(natural.isOrdered(cba)); System.out.println(natural.isStrictlyOrdered(cba)); System.out.println(cba = natural.sortedCopy(cba)); System.out.println("max:"+natural.max(cba)); System.out.println("min:"+natural.min(cba)); System.out.println("leastOf:"+natural.leastOf(cba, 2)); System.out.println("naturalOrdering:"+ naturalOrdering.sortedCopy(list)); System.out.println("leastOf list:"+naturalOrdering.leastOf(list, 3)); System.out.println("greatestOf:"+naturalOrdering.greatestOf(list, 3)); System.out.println("reverse list :"+ naturalOrdering.reverse().sortedCopy(list)); System.out.println("isOrdered list :"+ naturalOrdering.isOrdered(list)); System.out.println("isOrdered list :"+ naturalOrdering.reverse().isOrdered(list)); list.add(null); System.out.println(" add null list:"+list); System.out.println("nullsFirst list :"+ naturalOrdering.nullsFirst().sortedCopy(list)); System.out.println("nullsLast list :"+ naturalOrdering.nullsLast().sortedCopy(list)); } } //============输出============== list:[peida, jerry, harry, eva, jhon, neron] naturalOrdering:[eva, harry, jerry, jhon, neron, peida] listtest:[1, 1, 1, 2] true false naturalIntReduceOrdering:[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] listReduce:[9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1] true true true true isOrdered reverse :false false false [a, b, c] max:c min:a leastOf:[a, b] naturalOrdering:[eva, harry, jerry, jhon, neron, peida] leastOf list:[eva, harry, jerry] greatestOf:[peida, neron, jhon] reverse list :[peida, neron, jhon, jerry, harry, eva] isOrdered list :false isOrdered list :false add null list:[peida, jerry, harry, eva, jhon, neron, null] nullsFirst list :[null, eva, harry, jerry, jhon, neron, peida] nullsLast list :[eva, harry, jerry, jhon, neron, peida, null] 针对复杂类型的比较,则可以采用ComparisonChain: import com.google.common.collect.ComparisonChain; import com.google.common.collect.Ordering; public class OrderingTest { private static Ordering<BeanPerson> flexOrdering = new Ordering<BeanPerson>() { @Override public int compare(BeanPerson left, BeanPerson right) { return ComparisonChain.start().compare(left.name, right.name, Ordering.usingToString()) .compare(left.age, right.age, Ordering.natural().nullsLast().reverse()).result(); } }; public static void main(String[] args) { List<BeanPerson> plist = new ArrayList<BeanPerson>(); plist.add(new BeanPerson("abd", 1)); plist.add(new BeanPerson("abc", 2)); plist.add(new BeanPerson("abc", 4)); plist.add(new BeanPerson("abd", 3)); System.out.println("list:" + plist); plist = flexOrdering.sortedCopy(plist); System.out.println("----------"); for (BeanPerson bp : plist) { System.out.println("==" + bp.name + "," + bp.age); } System.out.println("----------"); } } public class BeanPerson { public BeanPerson(String name, int age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; } int age; String name; } 测试结果: ---------- ==abc,4 ==abc,2 ==abd,3 ==abd,1 ---------- 官方译文:http://ifeve.com/google-guava-ordering/