精灵进程

精灵进程也就是所谓的Daemon进程，它在系统的后台运行。精灵进程在系统引导时启动，在系统关闭时终止。

精灵进程的建立:

1.首先父进程调用fork创建子进程，父进程调用exit终止。
2.调用setsid创建一个新对话期。使子进程（a）成为新对话期的首进程，（b）成为一个新进程组的首进程，（c）没有控制终端。
3.将当前工作目录更改为根目录。
4.将文件方式创建屏蔽字设置为0。
5.关闭不再需要的文件描述符。

例子：
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#include "apue.h"
#include <syslog.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>

void
daemonize(const char *cmd)
{
int i, fd0, fd1, fd2;
pid_t pid;
struct rlimit rl;
struct sigaction sa;
/*
* Clear file creation mask.
*/
umask(0);

/*
* Get maximum number of file descriptors.
*/
if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) < 0)
err_quit("%s: can't get file limit", cmd);

/*
* Become a session leader to lose controlling TTY.
*/
if ((pid = fork()) < 0)
err_quit("%s: can't fork", cmd);
else if (pid != 0) /* parent */
exit(0);
setsid();

/*
* Ensure future opens won't allocate controlling TTYs.
*/
sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
sa.sa_flags = 0;
if (sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa, NULL) < 0)
err_quit("%s: can't ignore SIGHUP");
if ((pid = fork()) < 0)
err_quit("%s: can't fork", cmd);
else if (pid != 0) /* parent */
exit(0);

/*
* Change the current working directory to the root so
* we won't prevent file systems from being unmounted.
*/
if (chdir("/") < 0)
err_quit("%s: can't change directory to /");

/*
* Close all open file descriptors.
*/
if (rl.rlim_max == RLIM_INFINITY)
rl.rlim_max = 1024;
for (i = 0; i < rl.rlim_max; i++)
close(i);

/*
* Attach file descriptors 0, 1, and 2 to /dev/null.
*/
fd0 = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
fd1 = dup(0);
fd2 = dup(0);

/*
* Initialize the log file.
*/
openlog(cmd, LOG_CONS, LOG_DAEMON);
if (fd0 != 0 || fd1 != 1 || fd2 != 2) {
syslog(LOG_ERR, "unexpected file descriptors %d %d %d",
fd0, fd1, fd2);
exit(1);
}
}
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出错记录：
精灵进程由于没有控制终端，不能把出错消息写到标准出错输出上。通常精灵进程使用syslog记录出错信息。
BSD syslog系统中，大多数用户进程（精灵进程）调用syslog（3）函数以产生记录消息。
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#include <syslog.h>

void openlog(const char *ident, int option, int facility);

void syslog(int priority, const char *format, ...);

void closelog(void);

int setlogmask(int maskpri);

 

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