WebService CXF学习（进阶篇4）：JAXB剖析

前面几节我们讲解对象传递，但是通常情况下我们不直接传对象，因为直接传递对象安全性差，而且暴露了实体对象。所以我们选择传递XML文件，当然也可以传递JSON对象。这节我只针对传递XML，那么JAVA绑定成XML，服务端将XML解析成Java对象有什么工具可用吗，其实这样的工具多的是。这里我选择一个比较简单的JAXB工具来讲解一下。
JAXB（Java Architecture for XML Binding）提供了一个快速而方便的方式绑定XML Schemas和java，使java程序员能够很方便的在java应用程序中处理XML数据。JAXB提供了将XML文档解组为java内容树的方法，以及将java内容树重新编组回XML文档的方法。JAXB同样也提供了一种从java对象生成XML Schema的方式。
这里有几个重要的定义：
编组（Marshalling）是把内存中的数据转化到存储媒介上的过程。因此在 Java 和 XML 环境中，编组就是把一些 Java 对象转化成一个（或多个） XML 文档。在数据库环境中，则是把 Java 表示的数据存入数据库。显然，编组的秘密在于把 Java 实例中的面向对象结构转化成适用于 XML 的 扁平结构，或者 RDBMS 中的关系结构（使用 Java 技术转换到 OODBMS 实际上很简单）。工作原理如下图所示：
[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/190852/dd6865e1-8362-3398-9053-15e073cc5e15.gif[/img]


解组（Unmarshalling） 是把数据从存储媒介转换到内存中的过程--正好与编组相反。因此需要把 XML 文档解组到 Java VM 中。这里的复杂性不是在扁平数据中，因为这不是必需的，而在于从正确的数据到正确的 Java 代码变量的映射。如果映射是错误的，就不可能正确地访问数据。当然，如果再尝试重新编组还会造成更大的问题，并且问题传播得很快。工作原理如下图所示：

[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/190851/0fd17384-b10b-395d-b0a9-08a2699ad14f.gif[/img]


往返（Round-tripping）可能是最重要也最容易误解的数据绑定术语。往返用于描述从存储媒介到内存然后回到存储媒介的完整循 环。在 XML 和 Java 技术环境中，这就意味着从 XML 文档到 Java 实例变量，然后再回到 XML 文档。正确的往返要求，如果中间没有修改数据，XML 输入和 XML 输出应该是等同的。
下载地址：http://java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/WebServices/jaxb/

我们还以例子来说明它的工作原理，直观点。
第一步，创建一个Customer对象
Java代码

@XmlRootElement(name="customer")   
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)   
@XmlType(name = "")   
public class Customer {   

    @XmlAttribute(required = true)   
    protected String name;   
    @XmlAttribute(required = true)   
    protected int age;   

    /**  
     * Gets the value of the name property.  
     *   
     * @return  
     *     possible object is  
     *     {@link String }  
     *       
     */  
    public String getName() {   
        return name;   
    }   

    /**  
     * Sets the value of the name property.  
     *   
     * @param value  
     *     allowed object is  
     *     {@link String }  
     *       
     */  
    public void setName(String value) {   
        this.name = value;   
    }   

    /**  
     * Gets the value of the age property.  
     *   
     */  
    public int getAge() {   
        return age;   
    }   

    /**  
     * Sets the value of the age property.  
     *   
     */  
    public void setAge(int value) {   
        this.age = value;   
    }   

}   



@XmlRootElement(name="customer")
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
@XmlType(name = "")
public class Customer {

    @XmlAttribute(required = true)
    protected String name;
    @XmlAttribute(required = true)
    protected int age;

    /**
     * Gets the value of the name property.
     * 
     * @return
     *     possible object is
     *     {@link String }
     *     
     */
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the value of the name property.
     * 
     * @param value
     *     allowed object is
     *     {@link String }
     *     
     */
    public void setName(String value) {
        this.name = value;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the value of the age property.
     * 
     */
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the value of the age property.
     * 
     */
    public void setAge(int value) {
        this.age = value;
    }

}

第二步，创建一个测试类
Java代码

public class SoapClient {   

    private final static String MODEL = "com.itdcl.model";   
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ParserConfigurationException, JAXBException, TransformerException{   


        ObjectFactory factory = new ObjectFactory();   
        Customer customer = factory.createCustomer();   
        customer.setAge(20);   
        customer.setName("Josen");   

        DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();   
        dbf.setNamespaceAware(true);   
        DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();   
        Document doc = db.newDocument();   

        JAXBContext jaxbContext = JAXBContext.newInstance(MODEL);   
        //Java对象转换成XML   
                Marshaller marshaller = jaxbContext.createMarshaller();   
        marshaller.marshal(customer, doc);   

        DOMSource domSource = new DOMSource(doc);   
        StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();   
        StreamResult result = new StreamResult(writer);   
        TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance();   
        Transformer transformer = tf.newTransformer();   
        transformer.transform(domSource, result);   
        String xmlString = writer.toString();   
        System.out.println(xmlString);   
        //XML转换成Java对象   
        Unmarshaller unmarshaller = jaxbContext.createUnmarshaller();   
        StringReader reader = new StringReader(xmlString);   
        Customer cus = (Customer)unmarshaller.unmarshal(reader);   
        System.out.println("Age:"+cus.getAge());   
        System.out.println("Name:"+cus.getName());   


    }   
}  

public class SoapClient {

	private final static String MODEL = "com.itdcl.model";
	public static void main(String[] args) throws ParserConfigurationException, JAXBException, TransformerException{


		ObjectFactory factory = new ObjectFactory();
		Customer customer = factory.createCustomer();
		customer.setAge(20);
		customer.setName("Josen");

		DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
		dbf.setNamespaceAware(true);
		DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
		Document doc = db.newDocument();

		JAXBContext jaxbContext = JAXBContext.newInstance(MODEL);
		//Java对象转换成XML
                Marshaller marshaller = jaxbContext.createMarshaller();
		marshaller.marshal(customer, doc);

		DOMSource domSource = new DOMSource(doc);
		StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
		StreamResult result = new StreamResult(writer);
		TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
		Transformer transformer = tf.newTransformer();
		transformer.transform(domSource, result);
		String xmlString = writer.toString();
		System.out.println(xmlString);
		//XML转换成Java对象
		Unmarshaller unmarshaller = jaxbContext.createUnmarshaller();
		StringReader reader = new StringReader(xmlString);
		Customer cus = (Customer)unmarshaller.unmarshal(reader);
		System.out.println("Age:"+cus.getAge());
		System.out.println("Name:"+cus.getName());


	}
}

第三步，运行一个测试类，看看效果如何。Java与XML之间转换如此简单

编组操作：利用上面生成的java文件执行编组操作。
Java代码

JAXBContext jaxbContext = JAXBContext.newInstance(MODEL);   
//Java对象转换成XML   
              Marshaller marshaller = jaxbContext.createMarshaller();   
marshaller.marshal(customer, doc);   

DOMSource domSource = new DOMSource(doc);   
StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();   
StreamResult result = new StreamResult(writer);   
TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance();   
Transformer transformer = tf.newTransformer();   
transformer.transform(domSource, result);   
String xmlString = writer.toString();   
System.out.println(xmlString);  

		JAXBContext jaxbContext = JAXBContext.newInstance(MODEL);
		//Java对象转换成XML
                Marshaller marshaller = jaxbContext.createMarshaller();
		marshaller.marshal(customer, doc);

		DOMSource domSource = new DOMSource(doc);
		StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
		StreamResult result = new StreamResult(writer);
		TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
		Transformer transformer = tf.newTransformer();
		transformer.transform(domSource, result);
		String xmlString = writer.toString();
		System.out.println(xmlString);

解组操作：通过xml文件执行解组操作。
Java代码

             JAXBContext jaxbContext = JAXBContext.newInstance(MODEL);   
              Unmarshaller unmarshaller = jaxbContext.createUnmarshaller();   
StringReader reader = new StringReader(xmlString);   
Customer cus = (Customer)unmarshaller.unmarshal(reader);   
System.out.println("Age:"+cus.getAge());   
System.out.println("Name:"+cus.getName());  

                JAXBContext jaxbContext = JAXBContext.newInstance(MODEL);
                Unmarshaller unmarshaller = jaxbContext.createUnmarshaller();
		StringReader reader = new StringReader(xmlString);
		Customer cus = (Customer)unmarshaller.unmarshal(reader);
		System.out.println("Age:"+cus.getAge());
		System.out.println("Name:"+cus.getName());

也可通过Ant配置来解组，如下：
Java代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>   
<project default="xjc-compile" basedir=".">   
    <property name="src.dir" location="src" />   
    <property name="lib.dir" location="E:/cxf-lib" />   
    <property name="xml-schema.dir" location="src/WEB-INF" />   
    <property name="schema.name" value="cxfdemo.xsd" />   
    <property name="package" value="com.itdcl.model" />   

    <path id="classpath">   
        <fileset dir="${lib.dir}" includes="*.jar" />   
    </path>   
    <taskdef name="xjc" classname="com.sun.tools.xjc.XJCTask"  
        classpathref="classpath" />   

    <target name="xjc-compile">   
        <echo message="Build Jaxb Class from Schema" />   
        <xjc schema="${xml-schema.dir}/${schema.name}"  
            destdir="${src.dir}" package="${package}" >   
            <produces dir="src/com/itdcl/model" includes="*" />   
        </xjc>   
    </target>   
</project>