C++Lambda表达式

C++11引入的Lambda表达式可以快速的得到某些只调用1次的函数，可以理解成匿名函数，方便阅读时直接了解到调用函数的功能。
注意在例如cb、dev中编译设置要有-stdc++11，因为这是11的标准，这个表达式可以结合着auto一起用

实验Code：

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

//lambda表达式
//匿名函数

class test
{
public:
    void hello() {
        cout << "test hello\n";
    };
    void lambda() {
        auto fun = [this]{ // 捕获了 this 指针
            this->hello(); // 这里 this 调用的就是 class test 的对象了
        };
        fun();
    }
};

int main() {
//example_1
  int arr[10] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};
  int sum = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    sum += [](int n) {return n%2?n:0;}(arr[i]);
  }
  printf("%d\n\n", sum);

//example_2
  float f = -3.5;
  cout << [](float f){return fabs(f);}(f) << endl;
  cout << [](float d)->int{return fabs(d);}(f) << endl; //指定返回值类型
  cout <<endl;

//example_3
  int i = 2, j = 3;
  cout << "external = " << &i << endl;
  cout << "external = " << i << endl;
  cout << "external = " << &j <<endl;
  cout << "external = " << j << endl;
  cout << endl;
  auto p = [=, &i]{
    cout << "internal = " << &i << endl;
    cout << "internal = " << i << endl;
    cout << "internal = " << &j <<endl;
    cout << "internal = " << j << endl;
    cout <<endl;
  };
  p(); //调用方法1  类似于函数指针
  [=]{
    cout << "internal = " << &i << endl;
    cout << "internal = " << i << endl;
    cout << "internal = " << &j <<endl;
    cout << "internal = " << j << endl;
    cout << endl;
  }();//调用方法2  一次匿名函数
  [i,&j]{
    cout << "internal = " << &i << endl;
    cout << "internal = " << i << endl;
    cout << "internal = " << &j <<endl;
    cout << "internal = " << j << endl;
    cout << endl;
  }();//指定拷贝、引用

//example_4
    test t;
    t.lambda(); //this捕获

  return 0;
}