h264视频编码

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-16 17:28:06 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-16 17:28:06 发布

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文章标签： h264

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/callzjy/article/details/68939941

版权

(由于本文使用swift3调用底层C来实现 h264硬编码，所以读者需要对swift3 OC C均要有一定的基础才能看懂本文，文后附有代码执行思路)

创建一个类用于设置h264的设置属性（参数通过类的对象的属性的方式来做）

//
//  TGVTSessionSetProperty.h
//  videocapture
//
//  Created by targetcloud on 2017/3/31.
//  Copyright © 2017年 targetcloud. All rights reserved.
//

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

@interface TGVTSessionSetProperty : NSObject
@property(nonatomic,assign) int width;
@property(nonatomic,assign) int height;
@property(nonatomic,assign) int expectedFrameRate;
@property(nonatomic,assign) int averageBitRate;
@property(nonatomic,assign) int maxKeyFrameInterval;
@end

//
//  TGVTSessionSetProperty.m
//  videocapture
//
//  Created by targetcloud on 2017/3/31.
//  Copyright © 2017年 targetcloud. All rights reserved.
//

#import "TGVTSessionSetProperty.h"

@implementation TGVTSessionSetProperty

@end

每次创建编码器模式

//
//  TGH264Encoder.h
//  videocapture
//
//  Created by targetcloud on 2017/3/30.
//  Copyright © 2017年 targetcloud. All rights reserved.
//

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
#import <VideoToolbox/VideoToolbox.h>
@class TGVTSessionSetProperty;

@interface TGH264Encoder : NSObject
- (instancetype)initWithProperty : (TGVTSessionSetProperty *) properties;
- (void)encodeSampleBuffer:(CMSampleBufferRef)sampleBuffer;
- (void)endEncode;
@end

//
//  TGH264Encoder.m
//  videocapture
//
//  Created by targetcloud on 2017/3/30.
//  Copyright © 2017年 targetcloud. All rights reserved.
//

#import "TGH264Encoder.h"
#import "TGVTSessionSetProperty.h"
@interface TGH264Encoder()
@property (nonatomic, assign) NSInteger frameID;
@property (nonatomic, assign) VTCompressionSessionRef compressionSession;
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSFileHandle *fileHandle;
@property(nonatomic, strong) TGVTSessionSetProperty * properties ;
@end

@implementation TGH264Encoder

- (instancetype)initWithProperty : (TGVTSessionSetProperty *) properties {
    if (self = [super init]) {
        self.properties = properties;
        [self setupFileHandle];
        [self setupVideoSession];
    }
    return self;
}

- (void)setupFileHandle {
    NSString *file = [[NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject]
                      stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"videoAudioCapture.h264"];
    [[NSFileManager defaultManager] removeItemAtPath:file error:nil];
    [[NSFileManager defaultManager] createFileAtPath:file contents:nil attributes:nil];
    self.fileHandle = [NSFileHandle fileHandleForWritingAtPath:file];
}


- (void)setupVideoSession {
    self.frameID = 0;
    int width = self.properties.width;
    int height = self.properties.height;
    
    // 创建CompressionSession对象,该对象用于对画面进行编码，kCMVideoCodecType_H264 : 表示使用h.264进行编码，h264VTCompressionOutputCallback : 当一次编码结束会在该函数进行回调,可以在该函数中将数据,写入文件中
    VTCompressionSessionCreate(NULL,
                               width,
                               height,
                               kCMVideoCodecType_H264,
                               NULL,
                               NULL,
                               NULL,
                               h264VTCompressionOutputCallback,
                               (__bridge void *)(self),
                               &_compressionSession);
    
    // 设置实时编码输出（直播是实时输出,否则会有延迟）
    VTSessionSetProperty(self.compressionSession, kVTCompressionPropertyKey_RealTime, (__bridge CFTypeRef _Nonnull)(@YES));//kCFBooleanTrue
    
    // 设置期望帧率(每秒多少帧,如果帧率过低,会造成画面卡顿)
    int fps = self.properties.expectedFrameRate;
    CFNumberRef  fpsRef = CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFNumberIntType, &fps);
    VTSessionSetProperty(self.compressionSession, kVTCompressionPropertyKey_ExpectedFrameRate, fpsRef);
    
    // 设置比特率(或叫码率: 编码效率, 码率越高则画面越清晰)
    int bitRate = self.properties.averageBitRate;
    CFNumberRef bitRateRef = CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFNumberSInt32Type, &bitRate);
    VTSessionSetProperty(self.compressionSession, kVTCompressionPropertyKey_AverageBitRate, bitRateRef);//bit
    NSArray *limit = @[@(bitRate * 1.5/8), @(1)];
    VTSessionSetProperty(self.compressionSession, kVTCompressionPropertyKey_DataRateLimits, (__bridge CFArrayRef)limit);//byte
    
    // 设置关键帧（GOPsize)间隔
    int frameInterval = self.properties.maxKeyFrameInterval;
    CFNumberRef  frameIntervalRef = CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFNumberIntType, &frameInterval);
    VTSessionSetProperty(self.compressionSession, kVTCompressionPropertyKey_MaxKeyFrameInterval, frameIntervalRef);
    
    // 设置结束, 准备进行编码
    VTCompressionSessionPrepareToEncodeFrames(self.compressionSession);
}

// 编码完成回调
void h264VTCompressionOutputCallback(void *outputCallbackRefCon, void *sourceFrameRefCon, OSStatus status, VTEncodeInfoFlags infoFlags, CMSampleBufferRef sampleBuffer) {
    if (status != noErr) {
        return;
    }
    TGH264Encoder* encoder = (__bridge TGH264Encoder*)outputCallbackRefCon;
    
    //判断是否是关键帧
    //bool isKeyframe = !CFDictionaryContainsKey( (CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(CMSampleBufferGetSampleAttachmentsArray(sampleBuffer, true), 0)), kCMSampleAttachmentKey_NotSync);
    CFArrayRef attachments = CMSampleBufferGetSampleAttachmentsArray(sampleBuffer, true);
    CFDictionaryRef dict = CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(attachments,0);
    BOOL isKeyframe = !CFDictionaryContainsKey(dict,kCMSampleAttachmentKey_NotSync);
    
    if (isKeyframe){//是关键帧则获取sps & pps数据
        // 获取编码后的信息
        CMFormatDescriptionRef format = CMSampleBufferGetFormatDescription(sampleBuffer);
        
        // 获取SPS
        size_t sparameterSetSize, sparameterSetCount;
        const uint8_t *sparameterSet;
        CMVideoFormatDescriptionGetH264ParameterSetAtIndex(format, 0, &sparameterSet, &sparameterSetSize, &sparameterSetCount, NULL );
        
        // 获取PPS
        size_t pparameterSetSize, pparameterSetCount;
        const uint8_t *pparameterSet;
        CMVideoFormatDescriptionGetH264ParameterSetAtIndex(format, 1, &pparameterSet, &pparameterSetSize, &pparameterSetCount, NULL );
        
        // sps/pps转NSData，以便写入文件
        NSData *sps = [NSData dataWithBytes:sparameterSet length:sparameterSetSize];
        NSData *pps = [NSData dataWithBytes:pparameterSet length:pparameterSetSize];
        
        // 写入文件
        [encoder gotSpsPps:sps pps:pps];
    }
    
    // 获取数据块
    CMBlockBufferRef dataBuffer = CMSampleBufferGetDataBuffer(sampleBuffer);
    size_t length, totalLength;
    char *dataPointer;
    OSStatus statusCodeRet = CMBlockBufferGetDataPointer(dataBuffer, 0, &length, &totalLength, &dataPointer);
    if (statusCodeRet == noErr) {
        size_t bufferOffset = 0;
        static const int h264AVCCHeaderLength = 4;
        // 循环获取NALU
        while (bufferOffset < totalLength - h264AVCCHeaderLength) {//一帧的图像可能需要寓情于景入多个NALU单元，slice切片处理
            uint32_t NALUnitLength = 0;
            memcpy(&NALUnitLength, dataPointer + bufferOffset, h264AVCCHeaderLength);//NALU length
            NALUnitLength = CFSwapInt32BigToHost(NALUnitLength);// 从h264编码的数据的大端模式(字节序)转系统端模式
            NSData* data = [[NSData alloc] initWithBytes:(dataPointer + bufferOffset + h264AVCCHeaderLength) length:NALUnitLength];
            [encoder gotEncodedData:data isKeyFrame:isKeyframe];
            bufferOffset += h264AVCCHeaderLength + NALUnitLength;
        }
    }
}

- (void)gotSpsPps:(NSData*)sps pps:(NSData*)pps{
    // NALU header
    const char bytes[] = "\x00\x00\x00\x01";//有一个隐藏的'\0'结束符 所以要-1
    size_t length = (sizeof bytes) - 1;
    NSData *ByteHeader = [NSData dataWithBytes:bytes length:length];
    [self.fileHandle writeData:ByteHeader];
    [self.fileHandle writeData:sps];
    [self.fileHandle writeData:ByteHeader];
    [self.fileHandle writeData:pps];
    
}

- (void)gotEncodedData:(NSData*)data isKeyFrame:(BOOL)isKeyFrame{
    NSLog(@" --- gotEncodedData %d --- ", (int)[data length]);
    if (self.fileHandle != NULL){
        const char bytes[] = "\x00\x00\x00\x01";
        size_t length = (sizeof bytes) - 1; //string literals have implicit trailing '\0'
        NSData *ByteHeader = [NSData dataWithBytes:bytes length:length];
        [self.fileHandle writeData:ByteHeader];
        [self.fileHandle writeData:data];
    }
}

//从这里开始 -> h264VTCompressionOutputCallback
- (void)encodeSampleBuffer:(CMSampleBufferRef)sampleBuffer {
    CVImageBufferRef imageBuffer = (CVImageBufferRef)CMSampleBufferGetImageBuffer(sampleBuffer);//将sampleBuffer转成imageBuffer
    CMTime presentationTimeStamp = CMTimeMake(self.frameID++, self.properties.expectedFrameRate);//PTS DTS 根据当前的帧数,创建CMTime的时间
    VTEncodeInfoFlags flag;
    
    // 开始编码该帧数据
    OSStatus statusCode = VTCompressionSessionEncodeFrame(self.compressionSession,
                                                          imageBuffer,
                                                          presentationTimeStamp,
                                                          kCMTimeInvalid,
                                                          NULL,
                                                          (__bridge void * _Nullable)(self),//h264VTCompressionOutputCallback sourceFrameRefCon
                                                          &flag);//h264VTCompressionOutputCallback infoFlags
    if (statusCode == noErr) {
        NSLog(@" --- H264: VTCompressionSessionEncodeFrame Success --- ");
    }
}

- (void)endEncode {
    VTCompressionSessionCompleteFrames(self.compressionSession, kCMTimeInvalid);
    VTCompressionSessionInvalidate(self.compressionSession);
    CFRelease(self.compressionSession);
    self.compressionSession = NULL;
}

@end

使用

//
//  TGVideoCapture.swift
//  videocapture
//
//  Created by targetcloud on 2017/3/30.
//  Copyright © 2017年 targetcloud. All rights reserved.
//

import UIKit
import AVFoundation

class TGVideoCapture: NSObject {
    fileprivate lazy var videoQueue = DispatchQueue.global()
    fileprivate lazy var audioQueue = DispatchQueue.global()
    fileprivate lazy var session : AVCaptureSession = {
        let session = AVCaptureSession()
        session.sessionPreset = AVCaptureSessionPreset1280x720;
        return session
    }()
    
    //MARK:- 每次创建方式 1
    fileprivate var encoder : TGH264Encoder?
    
    fileprivate lazy var previewLayer : AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer = AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer(session: self.session)
    fileprivate var connection : AVCaptureConnection?
    fileprivate var videoOutput : AVCaptureVideoDataOutput?
    fileprivate var videoInput : AVCaptureDeviceInput?
    fileprivate var view : UIView
    
    init(_ view : UIView){
        self.view = view
        super.init()
        setupVideo()
        setupAudio()
    }

    func startCapture() {
        //MARK:- 每次创建方式 1（每次开始都是一个新的encoder）
        encoder =  { () -> TGH264Encoder! in
            let p  = TGVTSessionSetProperty()
            p.height = 1280
            p.width = 720
            p.expectedFrameRate = 30
            p.averageBitRate = 1280*720//1920*1080 1280*720 720*576 640*480 480*360
            p.maxKeyFrameInterval = 30//GOP大小 数值越大，压缩后越小
            return TGH264Encoder(property: p)
        }()
        
        
        if connection?.isVideoOrientationSupported ?? false {
            connection?.videoOrientation = .portrait
        }
        connection?.preferredVideoStabilizationMode = .auto
        
        previewLayer.frame = view.bounds
        view.layer.insertSublayer(previewLayer, at: 0)
        session.startRunning()
    }

    func endCapture() {
        session.stopRunning()
        previewLayer.removeFromSuperlayer()
        
        //MARK:- 每次创建方式 3
        encoder?.endEncode()
    }
    

    func switchFrontOrBack() {
        // CATransition
        let rotaionAnim = CATransition()
        rotaionAnim.type = "oglFlip"
        rotaionAnim.subtype = "fromLeft"
        rotaionAnim.duration = 0.5
        view.layer.add(rotaionAnim, forKey: nil)
        
        // Check Current videoInput
        guard let videoInput = videoInput else { return }
        
        // Change Position
        let position : AVCaptureDevicePosition = videoInput.device.position == .front ? .back : .front
        
        // New DeviceInput
        guard let devices = AVCaptureDevice.devices(withMediaType: AVMediaTypeVideo) as? [AVCaptureDevice] else { return }
        guard let newDevice = devices.filter({$0.position == position}).first else { return }
        guard let newVideoInput = try? AVCaptureDeviceInput(device: newDevice) else { return }
        
        // Remove videoInput & Add newVideoInput
        session.beginConfiguration()
        session.removeInput(videoInput)
        session.addInput(newVideoInput)
        session.commitConfiguration()
        
        // Save Current videoInput
        self.videoInput = newVideoInput
        
        // portrait
        connection = videoOutput?.connection(withMediaType: AVMediaTypeVideo)
        if connection?.isVideoOrientationSupported ?? false {
            connection?.videoOrientation = .portrait
        }
        connection?.preferredVideoStabilizationMode = .auto
    }
}

extension TGVideoCapture {
    fileprivate func setupVideo() {
        //info.plist add Privacy - Camera Usage Description
        guard let devices = AVCaptureDevice.devices(withMediaType: AVMediaTypeVideo) as? [AVCaptureDevice] else {return}
        guard let device = devices.filter({$0.position == .back}).first else {return}
        guard let videoInput = try? AVCaptureDeviceInput(device: device) else {return}
        if session.canAddInput(videoInput){
            session.addInput(videoInput)
        }

        self.videoInput = videoInput
        
        let videoOutput = AVCaptureVideoDataOutput()
        videoOutput.setSampleBufferDelegate(self, queue:videoQueue)
        videoOutput.alwaysDiscardsLateVideoFrames = true
        if session.canAddOutput(videoOutput){
            session.addOutput(videoOutput)
        }
        
        connection = videoOutput.connection(withMediaType: AVMediaTypeVideo)
        self.videoOutput = videoOutput
    }
    
    fileprivate func setupAudio() {
        //info.plist add Privacy - Microphone Usage Description
        guard let device = AVCaptureDevice.defaultDevice(withMediaType: AVMediaTypeAudio) else {return}
        guard let audioInput = try? AVCaptureDeviceInput(device: device) else {return}
        if session.canAddInput(audioInput){
            session.addInput(audioInput)
        }
        
        let audioOutput = AVCaptureAudioDataOutput()
        audioOutput.setSampleBufferDelegate(self, queue:audioQueue)
        if session.canAddOutput(audioOutput){
            session.addOutput(audioOutput)
        }
    }
}

extension TGVideoCapture : AVCaptureVideoDataOutputSampleBufferDelegate,AVCaptureAudioDataOutputSampleBufferDelegate{
    func captureOutput(_ captureOutput: AVCaptureOutput!, didOutputSampleBuffer sampleBuffer: CMSampleBuffer!, from connection: AVCaptureConnection!) {
        if connection == self.connection {
            print("-采集到视频画面");
        }else{
            print("采集到音频数据-");
        }
        
        //MARK:- 每次创建方式 2
        encoder?.encode(sampleBuffer)
    }
}

懒加载方式创建编码器模式

//
//  TGH264Encoder.m
//  videocapture
//
//  Created by targetcloud on 2017/3/30.
//  Copyright © 2017年 targetcloud. All rights reserved.
//

#import "TGH264Encoder.h"
#import "TGVTSessionSetProperty.h"
@interface TGH264Encoder()
@property (nonatomic, assign) NSInteger frameID;
@property (nonatomic, assign) VTCompressionSessionRef compressionSession;
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSFileHandle *fileHandle;
@property(nonatomic, strong) TGVTSessionSetProperty * properties ;
@end

@implementation TGH264Encoder

- (instancetype)initWithProperty : (TGVTSessionSetProperty *) properties {
    if (self = [super init]) {
        self.properties = properties;
        [self setupFileHandle];
        [self setupVideoSession];
    }
    return self;
}

- (void)setupFileHandle {
    NSString *file = [[NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject]
                      stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"videoAudioCapture.h264"];
    [[NSFileManager defaultManager] removeItemAtPath:file error:nil];
    [[NSFileManager defaultManager] createFileAtPath:file contents:nil attributes:nil];
    self.fileHandle = [NSFileHandle fileHandleForWritingAtPath:file];
}


- (void)setupVideoSession {
    self.frameID = 0;
    int width = self.properties.width;
    int height = self.properties.height;
    
    // 创建CompressionSession对象,该对象用于对画面进行编码，kCMVideoCodecType_H264 : 表示使用h.264进行编码，h264VTCompressionOutputCallback : 当一次编码结束会在该函数进行回调,可以在该函数中将数据,写入文件中
    VTCompressionSessionCreate(NULL,
                               width,
                               height,
                               kCMVideoCodecType_H264,
                               NULL,
                               NULL,
                               NULL,
                               h264VTCompressionOutputCallback,
                               (__bridge void *)(self),
                               &_compressionSession);
    
    // 设置实时编码输出（直播是实时输出,否则会有延迟）
    VTSessionSetProperty(self.compressionSession, kVTCompressionPropertyKey_RealTime, (__bridge CFTypeRef _Nonnull)(@YES));//kCFBooleanTrue
    
    // 设置期望帧率(每秒多少帧,如果帧率过低,会造成画面卡顿)
    int fps = self.properties.expectedFrameRate;
    CFNumberRef  fpsRef = CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFNumberIntType, &fps);
    VTSessionSetProperty(self.compressionSession, kVTCompressionPropertyKey_ExpectedFrameRate, fpsRef);
    
    // 设置比特率(或叫码率: 编码效率, 码率越高则画面越清晰)
    int bitRate = self.properties.averageBitRate;
    CFNumberRef bitRateRef = CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFNumberSInt32Type, &bitRate);
    VTSessionSetProperty(self.compressionSession, kVTCompressionPropertyKey_AverageBitRate, bitRateRef);//bit
    NSArray *limit = @[@(bitRate * 1.5/8), @(1)];
    VTSessionSetProperty(self.compressionSession, kVTCompressionPropertyKey_DataRateLimits, (__bridge CFArrayRef)limit);//byte
    
    // 设置关键帧（GOPsize)间隔
    int frameInterval = self.properties.maxKeyFrameInterval;
    CFNumberRef  frameIntervalRef = CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFNumberIntType, &frameInterval);
    VTSessionSetProperty(self.compressionSession, kVTCompressionPropertyKey_MaxKeyFrameInterval, frameIntervalRef);
    
    // 设置结束, 准备进行编码
    VTCompressionSessionPrepareToEncodeFrames(self.compressionSession);
}

// 编码完成回调
void h264VTCompressionOutputCallback(void *outputCallbackRefCon, void *sourceFrameRefCon, OSStatus status, VTEncodeInfoFlags infoFlags, CMSampleBufferRef sampleBuffer) {
    if (status != noErr) {
        return;
    }
    TGH264Encoder* encoder = (__bridge TGH264Encoder*)outputCallbackRefCon;
    
    //判断是否是关键帧
    //bool isKeyframe = !CFDictionaryContainsKey( (CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(CMSampleBufferGetSampleAttachmentsArray(sampleBuffer, true), 0)), kCMSampleAttachmentKey_NotSync);
    CFArrayRef attachments = CMSampleBufferGetSampleAttachmentsArray(sampleBuffer, true);
    CFDictionaryRef dict = CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(attachments,0);
    BOOL isKeyframe = !CFDictionaryContainsKey(dict,kCMSampleAttachmentKey_NotSync);
    
    if (isKeyframe){//是关键帧则获取sps & pps数据
        // 获取编码后的信息
        CMFormatDescriptionRef format = CMSampleBufferGetFormatDescription(sampleBuffer);
        
        // 获取SPS
        size_t sparameterSetSize, sparameterSetCount;
        const uint8_t *sparameterSet;
        CMVideoFormatDescriptionGetH264ParameterSetAtIndex(format, 0, &sparameterSet, &sparameterSetSize, &sparameterSetCount, NULL );
        
        // 获取PPS
        size_t pparameterSetSize, pparameterSetCount;
        const uint8_t *pparameterSet;
        CMVideoFormatDescriptionGetH264ParameterSetAtIndex(format, 1, &pparameterSet, &pparameterSetSize, &pparameterSetCount, NULL );
        
        // sps/pps转NSData，以便写入文件
        NSData *sps = [NSData dataWithBytes:sparameterSet length:sparameterSetSize];
        NSData *pps = [NSData dataWithBytes:pparameterSet length:pparameterSetSize];
        
        // 写入文件
        [encoder gotSpsPps:sps pps:pps];
    }
    
    // 获取数据块
    CMBlockBufferRef dataBuffer = CMSampleBufferGetDataBuffer(sampleBuffer);
    size_t length, totalLength;
    char *dataPointer;
    OSStatus statusCodeRet = CMBlockBufferGetDataPointer(dataBuffer, 0, &length, &totalLength, &dataPointer);
    if (statusCodeRet == noErr) {
        size_t bufferOffset = 0;
        static const int h264AVCCHeaderLength = 4;
        // 循环获取NALU
        while (bufferOffset < totalLength - h264AVCCHeaderLength) {//一帧的图像可能需要寓情于景入多个NALU单元，slice切片处理
            uint32_t NALUnitLength = 0;
            memcpy(&NALUnitLength, dataPointer + bufferOffset, h264AVCCHeaderLength);//NALU length
            NALUnitLength = CFSwapInt32BigToHost(NALUnitLength);// 从h264编码的数据的大端模式(字节序)转系统端模式
            NSData* data = [[NSData alloc] initWithBytes:(dataPointer + bufferOffset + h264AVCCHeaderLength) length:NALUnitLength];
            [encoder gotEncodedData:data isKeyFrame:isKeyframe];
            bufferOffset += h264AVCCHeaderLength + NALUnitLength;
        }
    }
}

- (void)gotSpsPps:(NSData*)sps pps:(NSData*)pps{
    // NALU header
    const char bytes[] = "\x00\x00\x00\x01";//有一个隐藏的'\0'结束符 所以要-1
    size_t length = (sizeof bytes) - 1;
    NSData *ByteHeader = [NSData dataWithBytes:bytes length:length];
    [self.fileHandle writeData:ByteHeader];
    [self.fileHandle writeData:sps];
    [self.fileHandle writeData:ByteHeader];
    [self.fileHandle writeData:pps];
    
}

- (void)gotEncodedData:(NSData*)data isKeyFrame:(BOOL)isKeyFrame{
    NSLog(@" --- gotEncodedData %d --- ", (int)[data length]);
    if (self.fileHandle != NULL){
        const char bytes[] = "\x00\x00\x00\x01";
        size_t length = (sizeof bytes) - 1; //string literals have implicit trailing '\0'
        NSData *ByteHeader = [NSData dataWithBytes:bytes length:length];
        [self.fileHandle writeData:ByteHeader];
        [self.fileHandle writeData:data];
    }
}

//从这里开始 -> h264VTCompressionOutputCallback
- (void)encodeSampleBuffer:(CMSampleBufferRef)sampleBuffer {
    CVImageBufferRef imageBuffer = (CVImageBufferRef)CMSampleBufferGetImageBuffer(sampleBuffer);//将sampleBuffer转成imageBuffer
    CMTime presentationTimeStamp = CMTimeMake(self.frameID++, self.properties.expectedFrameRate);//PTS DTS 根据当前的帧数,创建CMTime的时间
    VTEncodeInfoFlags flag;
    
    // 开始编码该帧数据
    OSStatus statusCode = VTCompressionSessionEncodeFrame(self.compressionSession,
                                                          imageBuffer,
                                                          presentationTimeStamp,
                                                          kCMTimeInvalid,
                                                          NULL,
                                                          (__bridge void * _Nullable)(self),//h264VTCompressionOutputCallback sourceFrameRefCon
                                                          &flag);//h264VTCompressionOutputCallback infoFlags
    if (statusCode == noErr) {
        NSLog(@" --- H264: VTCompressionSessionEncodeFrame Success --- ");
    }
}

- (void)endEncode {
    VTCompressionSessionCompleteFrames(self.compressionSession, kCMTimeInvalid);
    
    //以下代码是结束编码后 把此次的编码改名存放，并重置videoAudioCapture.h264为初始化状态，适用于懒加载编码器
    NSString * path = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
    
    NSDateFormatter *formatter = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
    [formatter setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"];
    NSString * dateStr = [formatter stringFromDate:[NSDate date]];
    
    [[NSFileManager defaultManager] copyItemAtPath:[ path stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"videoAudioCapture.h264"]
                                            toPath:[ path stringByAppendingPathComponent:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@.h264",dateStr]] error:NULL];
    [self setupFileHandle];
    
    //因为外面是懒加载创建TGH264Encoder，所以这里不置空Session，如果外面不是懒加载创建的，则置空，取消下面的三行注释
    //VTCompressionSessionInvalidate(self.compressionSession);
    //CFRelease(self.compressionSession);
    //self.compressionSession = NULL;
}

@end

使用

//
//  TGVideoCapture.swift
//  videocapture
//
//  Created by targetcloud on 2017/3/30.
//  Copyright © 2017年 targetcloud. All rights reserved.
//

import UIKit
import AVFoundation

class TGVideoCapture: NSObject {
    fileprivate lazy var videoQueue = DispatchQueue.global()
    fileprivate lazy var audioQueue = DispatchQueue.global()
    fileprivate lazy var session : AVCaptureSession = {
        let session = AVCaptureSession()
        session.sessionPreset = AVCaptureSessionPreset1280x720;
        return session
    }()
    //MARK:- 懒方式 1
    fileprivate lazy var encoder : TGH264Encoder = {
        let p  = TGVTSessionSetProperty()
        p.height = 1280
        p.width = 720
        p.expectedFrameRate = 30
        p.averageBitRate = 1280*720//1920*1080 1280*720 720*576 640*480 480*360
        p.maxKeyFrameInterval = 30//GOP大小 数值越大，压缩后越小
        return TGH264Encoder(property: p)
    }()
    
    fileprivate lazy var previewLayer : AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer = AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer(session: self.session)
    fileprivate var connection : AVCaptureConnection?
    fileprivate var videoOutput : AVCaptureVideoDataOutput?
    fileprivate var videoInput : AVCaptureDeviceInput?
    fileprivate var view : UIView
    
    init(_ view : UIView){
        self.view = view
        super.init()
        setupVideo()
        setupAudio()
    }

    func startCapture() {
        if connection?.isVideoOrientationSupported ?? false {
            connection?.videoOrientation = .portrait
        }
        connection?.preferredVideoStabilizationMode = .auto
        
        previewLayer.frame = view.bounds
        view.layer.insertSublayer(previewLayer, at: 0)
        session.startRunning()
    }

    func endCapture() {
        session.stopRunning()
        previewLayer.removeFromSuperlayer()
        
        //MARK:- 懒方式 3
        encoder.endEncode()
    }
    
    func switchFrontOrBack() {
        // CATransition
        let rotaionAnim = CATransition()
        rotaionAnim.type = "oglFlip"
        rotaionAnim.subtype = "fromLeft"
        rotaionAnim.duration = 0.5
        view.layer.add(rotaionAnim, forKey: nil)
        
        // Check Current videoInput
        guard let videoInput = videoInput else { return }
        
        // Change Position
        let position : AVCaptureDevicePosition = videoInput.device.position == .front ? .back : .front
        
        // New DeviceInput
        guard let devices = AVCaptureDevice.devices(withMediaType: AVMediaTypeVideo) as? [AVCaptureDevice] else { return }
        guard let newDevice = devices.filter({$0.position == position}).first else { return }
        guard let newVideoInput = try? AVCaptureDeviceInput(device: newDevice) else { return }
        
        // Remove videoInput & Add newVideoInput
        session.beginConfiguration()
        session.removeInput(videoInput)
        session.addInput(newVideoInput)
        session.commitConfiguration()
        
        // Save Current videoInput
        self.videoInput = newVideoInput
        
        // portrait
        connection = videoOutput?.connection(withMediaType: AVMediaTypeVideo)
        if connection?.isVideoOrientationSupported ?? false {
            connection?.videoOrientation = .portrait
        }
        connection?.preferredVideoStabilizationMode = .auto
    }
}

extension TGVideoCapture {
    fileprivate func setupVideo() {
        //info.plist add Privacy - Camera Usage Description
        guard let devices = AVCaptureDevice.devices(withMediaType: AVMediaTypeVideo) as? [AVCaptureDevice] else {return}
        guard let device = devices.filter({$0.position == .back}).first else {return}
        guard let videoInput = try? AVCaptureDeviceInput(device: device) else {return}
        if session.canAddInput(videoInput){
            session.addInput(videoInput)
        }

        self.videoInput = videoInput
        
        let videoOutput = AVCaptureVideoDataOutput()
        videoOutput.setSampleBufferDelegate(self, queue:videoQueue)
        videoOutput.alwaysDiscardsLateVideoFrames = true
        if session.canAddOutput(videoOutput){
            session.addOutput(videoOutput)
        }
        
        connection = videoOutput.connection(withMediaType: AVMediaTypeVideo)
        self.videoOutput = videoOutput
    }
    
    fileprivate func setupAudio() {
        //info.plist add Privacy - Microphone Usage Description
        guard let device = AVCaptureDevice.defaultDevice(withMediaType: AVMediaTypeAudio) else {return}
        guard let audioInput = try? AVCaptureDeviceInput(device: device) else {return}
        if session.canAddInput(audioInput){
            session.addInput(audioInput)
        }
        
        let audioOutput = AVCaptureAudioDataOutput()
        audioOutput.setSampleBufferDelegate(self, queue:audioQueue)
        if session.canAddOutput(audioOutput){
            session.addOutput(audioOutput)
        }
    }
}

extension TGVideoCapture : AVCaptureVideoDataOutputSampleBufferDelegate,AVCaptureAudioDataOutputSampleBufferDelegate{
    func captureOutput(_ captureOutput: AVCaptureOutput!, didOutputSampleBuffer sampleBuffer: CMSampleBuffer!, from connection: AVCaptureConnection!) {
        if connection == self.connection {
            print("-采集到视频画面");
        }else{
            print("采集到音频数据-");
        }
        //MARK:- 懒方式 2
        encoder.encode(sampleBuffer)
    }
}

由于编码器采用OC编码，外层使用用swift3编码，所以还有一个桥接文件

//
//  Use this file to import your target's public headers that you would like to expose to Swift.
//

#import "TGH264Encoder.h"
#import "TGVTSessionSetProperty.h"

UI（VC/控制器）最外层调用的是swift3写的TGVideoCapture

//
//  ViewController.swift
//  videocapture
//
//  Created by targetcloud on 2016/11/12.
//  Copyright © 2016年 targetcloud. All rights reserved.
//

import UIKit

class ViewController: UIViewController {
    fileprivate lazy var videoCapture : TGVideoCapture = TGVideoCapture(self.view)
    
    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
    }

    @IBAction func startCapture(_ sender: Any) {
        videoCapture.startCapture()
    }

    @IBAction func endCapture(_ sender: Any) {
        videoCapture.endCapture()
    }
    
    
    @IBAction func switchFrontOrBack(_ sender: Any) {
        videoCapture.switchFrontOrBack()
    }
}

总体代码执行过程是

1、ViewController创建了一个懒加载的videoCapture，开始捕捉视频时用videoCapture.startCapture()，结束（停止）时调用videoCapture.endCapture()，需要切换前置或后置摄像头时调用videoCapture.switchFrontOrBack()

2、videoCapture初始化时把1的view传进来，用于预览层，初始化同时设置了setupVideo

3、startCapture开始时，作者介绍了两种方式来使用h264编码，根据需要来进行选择，如果不需要每次创建h264编码器，那么请使用懒加载方式

3.1、懒加载时，我们对 h264解码器进行了各种属性设置，根据需要在这里进行设置

fileprivatelazyvar encoder :TGH264Encoder = {

let p =TGVTSessionSetProperty()

p.height =1280

p.width =720

p.expectedFrameRate =30

p.averageBitRate =1280*720//1920*1080 1280*720 720*576 640*480 480*360

p.maxKeyFrameInterval =30//GOP大小数值越大，压缩后越小

returnTGH264Encoder(property: p)//关键代码

}()

3.2、在懒加载内部，我们用TGVTSessionSetProperty正式对各种属性进行了设置，主要对回调进行了设置h264VTCompressionOutputCallback

- (instancetype)initWithProperty : (TGVTSessionSetProperty *) properties;

- (instancetype)initWithProperty : (TGVTSessionSetProperty *) properties {

if (self = [superinit]) {

self.properties = properties;

[selfsetupFileHandle];

[selfsetupVideoSession];

}

returnself;

}

- (void)setupVideoSession {

self.frameID =0;

int width =self.properties.width;

int height =self.properties.height;



//创建CompressionSession对象,该对象用于对画面进行编码，kCMVideoCodecType_H264 : 表示使用h.264进行编码，h264VTCompressionOutputCallback :当一次编码结束会在该函数进行回调,可以在该函数中将数据,写入文件中

VTCompressionSessionCreate(NULL,

   width,

   height,

   kCMVideoCodecType_H264,

   NULL,

   NULL,

   NULL,

   h264VTCompressionOutputCallback,

   (__bridgevoid *)(self),

   &_compressionSession);



//设置实时编码输出（直播是实时输出,否则会有延迟）

VTSessionSetProperty(self.compressionSession,kVTCompressionPropertyKey_RealTime, (__bridgeCFTypeRef_Nonnull)(@YES));//kCFBooleanTrue



//设置期望帧率(每秒多少帧,如果帧率过低,会造成画面卡顿)

int fps =self.properties.expectedFrameRate;

CFNumberRef fpsRef =CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault,kCFNumberIntType, &fps);

VTSessionSetProperty(self.compressionSession,kVTCompressionPropertyKey_ExpectedFrameRate, fpsRef);



//设置比特率(或叫码率:编码效率,码率越高则画面越清晰)

int bitRate =self.properties.averageBitRate;

CFNumberRef bitRateRef =CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault,kCFNumberSInt32Type, &bitRate);

VTSessionSetProperty(self.compressionSession,kVTCompressionPropertyKey_AverageBitRate, bitRateRef);//bit

NSArray *limit =@[@(bitRate *1.5/8),@(1)];

VTSessionSetProperty(self.compressionSession,kVTCompressionPropertyKey_DataRateLimits, (__bridgeCFArrayRef)limit);//byte



//设置关键帧（GOPsize)间隔

int frameInterval =self.properties.maxKeyFrameInterval;

CFNumberRef frameIntervalRef =CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault,kCFNumberIntType, &frameInterval);

VTSessionSetProperty(self.compressionSession,kVTCompressionPropertyKey_MaxKeyFrameInterval, frameIntervalRef);



//设置结束,准备进行编码

VTCompressionSessionPrepareToEncodeFrames(self.compressionSession);

}

4、captureOutput是session.startRunning()时会调用的，此时正式进入-(void)encodeSampleBuffer:(CMSampleBufferRef)sampleBuffer;

触发代码是

encoder.encode(sampleBuffer)

5、 encodeSampleBuffer 将调用我们第3步中的 h264VTCompressionOutputCallback，h264VTCompressionOutputCallback完成编码

//从这里开始 -> h264VTCompressionOutputCallback
- (void)encodeSampleBuffer:(CMSampleBufferRef)sampleBuffer {
    CVImageBufferRef imageBuffer = (CVImageBufferRef)CMSampleBufferGetImageBuffer(sampleBuffer);//将sampleBuffer转成imageBuffer
    CMTime presentationTimeStamp = CMTimeMake(self.frameID++, self.properties.expectedFrameRate);//PTS DTS 根据当前的帧数,创建CMTime的时间
    VTEncodeInfoFlags flag;
    
    // 开始编码该帧数据
    OSStatus statusCode = VTCompressionSessionEncodeFrame(self.compressionSession,
                                                          imageBuffer,
                                                          presentationTimeStamp,
                                                          kCMTimeInvalid,
                                                          NULL,
                                                          (__bridge void * _Nullable)(self),//h264VTCompressionOutputCallback sourceFrameRefCon
                                                          &flag);//h264VTCompressionOutputCallback infoFlags
    if (statusCode == noErr) {
        NSLog(@" --- H264: VTCompressionSessionEncodeFrame Success --- ");
    }
}

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h264视频编码

(由于本文使用swift3调用底层C来实现 h264硬编码，所以读者需要对swift3 OC C均要有一定的基础才能看懂本文，文后附有代码执行思路)创建一个类用于设置h264的设置属性（参数通过类的对象的属性的方式来做）//// TGVTSessionSetProperty.h// videocapture//// Created by targetcloud on 2
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