Flutter 打包APP （Android & IOS）

打包Android apk

参考
https://flutter.dev/docs/deployment/android
https://flutterchina.club/android-release/
Flutter项目打包成安卓apk详解来了（解决安装没网络问题）
【Flutter 专题】39 图解 iOS 打包 IPA 文件
Flutter - 打包APK、IPA 及 IOS上传APPLE Store详解
Flutter-Apk 大小优化探索
Flutter apk最简单的瘦身方式

检查AndroidManifest.xml

1. 修改app名字
2. 修改包名
3. 配置权限(解决apk安装后无网络)

注意，main 和 profile 目录下的Manifest文件都要检查

main & profile 目录下的Manifest文件都添加权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE" />

main.dart

build.gradle (app目录)

1. application id
2. version code & version name（在 local.properties统一定义）
3. minSdk & targetSdk

修改启动图标

小工具: 一键生成所有尺寸的应用图标/启动图,同时生成 iOS、Android 和 PhoneGap 应用的图标。遵循 Apple、 Google 官方标准
https://icon.wuruihong.com/

把logo上传到上述网站中，就能导出Android 和 iOS的启动图标了，直接复制到对应的目录替换即可。

APP签名

1. 创建 keystore

如果没有，请通过在运行以下命令来创建一个：

keytool -genkey -v -keystore ~/key.jks -keyalg RSA -keysize 2048 -validity 10000 -alias key

或者参考以下命令：

keytool -genkey -v -keystore 自定义.keystore -alias 自定义别名 -keyalg RSA -keysize 2048 -validity 10000 -storepass 自定义密码 -keypass 自定义密码

如用第一个命令，创建的目录会在/Users/your_user_name/key.jks,移动到flutter项目的Android目录下

2. 引用应用程序中的keystore

创建一个名为< app dir >/android/key.properties的文件，其中包含对密钥库的引用：

storePassword=<password from previous step>
keyPassword=<password from previous step>
keyAlias=key
storeFile=<location of the key store file, e.g.  ../key.jks>

3. 配置app build.gradle - 在gradle中配置签名

1.替换:

android {

为

def keystorePropertiesFile = rootProject.file("key.properties")
def keystoreProperties = new Properties()
keystoreProperties.load(new FileInputStream(keystorePropertiesFile))

android {

2.替换:

buildTypes {
    release {
        // TODO: Add your own signing config for the release build.
        // Signing with the debug keys for now, so `flutter run --release` works.
        signingConfig signingConfigs.debug
    }
}

为:

signingConfigs {
    release {
        keyAlias keystoreProperties['keyAlias']
        keyPassword keystoreProperties['keyPassword']
        storeFile file(keystoreProperties['storeFile'])
        storePassword keystoreProperties['storePassword']
    }
}
buildTypes {
    release {
        signingConfig signingConfigs.release
        //signingConfig signingConfigs.debug
    }
}

[可选] 开启混淆

• 对apk的代码安全和包大小有要求
• 确保使用的第三方库不被混淆

默认情况下 flutter 不会开启 Android 的混淆。

如果使用了第三方 Java 或 Android 库，也许你想减小 apk 文件的大小或者防止代码被逆向破解。

1. 配置混淆
   创建 /android/app/proguard-rules.pro 文件，并添加以下规则：
   !!! 注意, 是app目录下的

#如果使用了第三方 Java 或 Android 库 也需要添加与之对应的规则

#Flutter Wrapper
-keep class io.flutter.app.** { *; }
-keep class io.flutter.plugin.**  { *; }
-keep class io.flutter.util.**  { *; }
-keep class io.flutter.view.**  { *; }
-keep class io.flutter.**  { *; }
-keep class io.flutter.plugins.**  { *; }

2. 启用 混淆/压缩
   打开 /android/app/build.gradle 文件，定位到 buildTypes 块。
   在 release 配置中将 minifyEnabled 和 useProguard 设为 true，再将混淆文件指向上一步创建的文件。

android {

    ...

    buildTypes {

        release {

            signingConfig signingConfigs.release

            minifyEnabled true
            useProguard true

            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'

        }
    }
}

到此，app打包的准备工作已经完成

构建一个发布版（release）APK

使用命令行:

1. cd flutter工程根目录
2. 运行flutter build apk (flutter build 默认会包含 --release选项).

打包好的发布APK位于< app dir >/build/app/outputs/apk/app-release.apk。

---

flutter build apk 的一些细节

• 对apk进行解压，可以看到flutter默认打包的flutter so库架构为 armeabi-v7a
  
• 分架构打包，可以减少apk体积

flutter build apk --target-platform android-arm,android-arm64,android-x64 --split-per-abi

最后的 --split-per-abi 则表示告知需要按照我们指定的类型分别打包(会得到多个apk，每个apk对应一个架构)，如果移除则直接构建包含所有 CPU 架构的 Apk 包

---

打包IOS （待更新…）

在打包前，需要已经申请了Apple的开发者账号

在AppleStore Connect 注册APP&注册APP bundle ID

https://flutter.cn/docs/deployment/ios

ios打包过程遇到的问题

执行flutter build ios后

error: The linked framework 'Pods_Runner.framework' is missing one or more architectures required by this target: armv7. (in target 'Runner' from project 'Runner')

在XCode中，Runner下的Build Settings标签中，找到 architectures - ExcludedArchitectures
为Release和Profile添加如上图4/5所示的架构

---

执行flutter build ios后

Xcode build done.                                           41.3s
Failed to build iOS app
Error output from Xcode build:
↳
    ** BUILD FAILED **


Xcode's output:
↳
    /Users/keihong/.pub-cache/hosted/pub.flutter-io.cn/flutter_webview_plugin-0.4.0/ios/Classes/FlutterWebviewPlugin.m:92:22: warning: incompatible pointer to integer conversion assigning to 'BOOL' (aka 'signed char') from 'id
    _Nullable' [-Wint-conversion]
        _enableAppScheme = call.arguments[@"enableAppScheme"];
                         ^ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    /Users/keihong/.pub-cache/hosted/pub.flutter-io.cn/flutter_webview_plugin-0.4.0/ios/Classes/FlutterWebviewPlugin.m:434:98: warning: values of type 'NSInteger' should not be used as format arguments; add an explicit cast to
    'long' instead [-Wformat]
        [channel invokeMethod:@"onHttpError" arguments:@{@"code": [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld", error.code], @"url": url}];
                                                                                               ~~~   ^~~~~~~~~~
                                                                                               %ld   (long)
    /Users/keihong/.pub-cache/hosted/pub.flutter-io.cn/flutter_webview_plugin-0.4.0/ios/Classes/FlutterWebviewPlugin.m:442:98: warning: values of type 'NSInteger' should not be used as format arguments; add an explicit cast to
    'long' instead [-Wformat]
        [channel invokeMethod:@"onHttpError" arguments:@{@"code": [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld", error.code], @"error": error.localizedDescription}];
                                                                                               ~~~   ^~~~~~~~~~
                                                                                               %ld   (long)
    /Users/keihong/.pub-cache/hosted/pub.flutter-io.cn/flutter_webview_plugin-0.4.0/ios/Classes/FlutterWebviewPlugin.m:450:106: warning: values of type 'NSInteger' should not be used as format arguments; add an explicit cast to
    'long' instead [-Wformat]
                [channel invokeMethod:@"onHttpError" arguments:@{@"code": [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld", response.statusCode], @"url": webView.URL.absoluteString}];
                                                                                                       ~~~   ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                                                                                                       %ld   (long)
    4 warnings generated.
    ../../../../../../../.pub-cache/hosted/pub.flutter-io.cn/flutter_color_plugin-1.0.0/lib/flutter_color_plugin.dart:35:35: Warning: Operand of null-aware operation '!' has type 'String' which excludes null.
          int? color = sColorNameMap[(colorString!.toLowerCase())];
                                      ^

    Command PhaseScriptExecution failed with a nonzero exit code
    note: Using new build system
    note: Building targets in parallel
    note: Planning build
    note: Analyzing workspace
    note: Constructing build description
    note: Build preparation complete
    warning: None of the architectures in ARCHS (arm64, armv7) are valid. Consider setting ARCHS to $(ARCHS_STANDARD) or updating it to include at least one value from VALID_ARCHS (arm64, arm64e, armv7, armv7s) which is not in
    EXCLUDED_ARCHS (arm64, armv7). (in target 'Runner' from project 'Runner')

Encountered error while building for device.

我这样解决了 flutter_webview_plugin的报错：
https://github.com/Baseflow/flutter-permission-handler/issues/191#issuecomment-575022497

flutter clean
flutter build ios

---

Xcode build done.                                           36.7s
Failed to build iOS app
Error output from Xcode build:
↳
    ** BUILD FAILED **


Xcode's output:
↳
    4 warnings generated.
    ../../../../../../../.pub-cache/hosted/pub.flutter-io.cn/flutter_color_plugin-1.0.0/lib/flutter_color_plugin.dart:35:35: Warning: Operand of null-aware operation '!' has type 'String' which excludes null.
          int? color = sColorNameMap[(colorString!.toLowerCase())];
                                      ^

    Command PhaseScriptExecution failed with a nonzero exit code
    note: Using new build system
    note: Building targets in parallel
    note: Planning build
    note: Analyzing workspace
    note: Constructing build description
    note: Build preparation complete
    warning: None of the architectures in ARCHS (arm64, armv7) are valid. Consider setting ARCHS to $(ARCHS_STANDARD) or updating it to include at least one value from VALID_ARCHS (arm64, arm64e, armv7, armv7s) which is not in
    EXCLUDED_ARCHS (arm64, armv7). (in target 'Runner' from project 'Runner')

Encountered error while building for device.

解决方法：flutter_color_plugin 的错误，自己写一个ColorUtil…

---

Failed to build iOS app
Error output from Xcode build:
↳
    ** BUILD FAILED **


Xcode's output:
↳

    Command PhaseScriptExecution failed with a nonzero exit code
    note: Using new build system
    note: Building targets in parallel
    note: Planning build
    note: Analyzing workspace
    note: Constructing build description
    note: Build preparation complete
    warning: None of the architectures in ARCHS (arm64, armv7) are valid. Consider setting ARCHS to $(ARCHS_STANDARD) or updating it to include at least one value from VALID_ARCHS (arm64, arm64e, armv7, armv7s) which is not in
    EXCLUDED_ARCHS (arm64, armv7). (in target 'Runner' from project 'Runner')

Encountered error while building for device.

改成下图所示内容后，出现了另一个错误：

error: The linked framework 'Pods_Runner.framework' is missing one or more architectures required by this target: armv7s. (in target 'Runner' from project 'Runner')

参考：https://www.jianshu.com/p/5af69bb58916

我的解决：删除ios目录，然后重建ios项目…

flutter create -i swift .

---

IOS打包步骤记录

1. flutter build ios
2. 打开xcode，修改版本号
3. Project - archive
4. Distribute app
5. 根据实际需要选择 Ad-Hoc等
6. 取消rebuild from bitcode