ubuntu如何更换国内源

适用版本：ubuntu20.04、ubuntu18.04、ubuntu16.04

一、更换阿里云的镜像源

（1）备份原来的源：

cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

（2）编辑配置文件sources.list，更换为阿里云的源（快且全）

vim /etc/apt/sources.list

# 配置内容如下
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse 
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse 
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse 
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse 
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse 
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

 （3）更新源

apt-get update

（4）更新一下软件

apt-get upgrade

二、apt命令

sudo apt-get update  # 更新源
sudo apt-get install package  # 安装包
sudo apt-get remove package # 删除包
sudo apt-cache search package  # 搜索软件包
sudo apt-cache show package  # 获取包的相关信息，如说明、大小、版本等
sudo apt-get install package --reinstall  # 重新安装包
sudo apt-get -f install  # 修复安装
sudo apt-get remove package --purge  # 删除包，包括配置文件等
sudo apt-get build-dep package   # 安装相关的编译环境
sudo apt-get upgrade  # 更新已安装的包
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade  # 升级系统
sudo apt-cache depends package  # 了解使用该包依赖那些包
sudo apt-cache rdepends package  # 查看该包被哪些包依赖
sudo apt-get source package  # 下载该包的源代码
sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get autoclean  # 清理无用的包
sudo apt-get check  # 检查是否有损坏的依赖

三、其他可用源

# 中科大源
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

# 163源
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# 清华源
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

参考链接：

a) ubuntu20.04如何更换国内源 - 问答 - 亿速云

b) Ubuntu18.04更换国内源-阿里云开发者社区