小甲鱼-C++快速入门笔记 37 之高级强制类型转换_c++强制类型转换括弧放哪里-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/caofengtao1314/article/details/112601850

一、静态对象强制类型转换

大家还记得我们前阵子制造出一个苹果公司么？没错，这节课我们还继续对这家公司入手进行讲解！

为了演示方便，小甲鱼小小的做了一些修改，尽管这样的修改有些问题，但是，作为今日内容的讲解还是甚好滴

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
 
using namespace std;
 
class Company
{
public:
	Company(string theName, string product);
	virtual void printInfo();
 
protected:
	string name;
	string product;
};
 
class TechCompany:public Company
{
public:
	TechCompany(string theName, string product);
	virtual void printInfo();
};
 
Company::Company(string theName, string product)
{
	name = theName;
	this -> product = product;
}
 
void Company::printInfo()
{
	cout << "这个公司的名字叫: " << name <<
		"正在生产" << product << "\n";
}
 
TechCompany::TechCompany(string theName, string product):Company(theName, product)
{
}
 
void TechCompany::printInfo()
{
	cout << name << "公司大量生产了" << product << "这款产品!\n";
}
 
int main()
{
	Company *company = new TechCompany("APPLE", "IPHONE");
	TechCompany *tecCompany = company;
 
	tecCompany -> printInfo();
 
	delete company;
 
	company = NULL;
	tecCompany = NULL;
	
	return 0;
 
}

运行结果

test.cpp:48:28: error: invalid conversion from ‘Company*’ to ‘TechCompany*’ [-fpermissive]
   48 |  TechCompany *tecCompany = company;
      |                            ^~~~~~~
      |                            |
      |                            Company*

首先company接收的是new开辟的一块32位的地址空间,之后再将其给tecCompany,但是为啥不能这样呢?

强制类型转换:

TechCompany *tecCompany = (TechCompany *)company;

二、传统的强制类型转换

我们用传统的强制类型转换实现：把所需要的指针类型放在一对圆括号之间，然后写出将被强制转换的地址值。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
 
using namespace std;
 
class Company
{
public:
	Company(string theName, string product);
	virtual void printInfo();
 
protected:
	string name;
	string product;
};
 
class TechCompany:public Company
{
public:
	TechCompany(string theName, string product);
	virtual void printInfo();
};
 
Company::Company(string theName, string product)
{
	name = theName;
	this -> product = product;
}
 
void Company::printInfo()
{
	cout << "这个公司的名字叫: " << name <<
		"正在生产" << product << "\n";
}
 
TechCompany::TechCompany(string theName, string product):Company(theName, product)
{
}
 
void TechCompany::printInfo()
{
	cout << name << "公司大量生产了" << product << "这款产品!\n";
}
 
int main()
{
	Company *company = new TechCompany("APPLE", "IPHONE");
	TechCompany *tecCompany = (TechCompany *)company;/*c语言传统的类型转化，产生一个问题*/
 
	tecCompany -> printInfo();
 
	delete company;
	
	delete tecCompany;/*重复释放*/
 
	company = NULL;
	tecCompany = NULL;
	
	return 0;
 
}

运行结果

APPLE公司大量生产了IPHONE这款产品!
free(): double free detected in tcache 2
已放弃 (核心已转储

注意不能既删除company，又删除tecCompany。因为强制类型转换操作不会创建一个副本拷贝，它只是告诉编译器把有关变量解释为另一种类型组合形式，所以他们指向的是同一个地址。现在术语称之为“重婚”

三、动态对象强制类型转换

虽然刚刚那个例子程序看起来很美！但它仍有一个问题没有解决：万一被强制转换的类型和目标类型结构完全不同，咋整？

编译器很笨的，它仍然将按照我们的代码行事！这样子的程序是相当危险的，随时可能崩溃以及被崩溃。

因为在类继承关系之间跳来跳去（也就是对有关对象进行强制类型转换）在面向对象的程序里非常重要，所以C++程序员准备了几个新的强制类型转换操作符（高级）！

注：只要你喜欢，你仍可在C++里继续使用C的强制转换操作符（像刚才的例子），但表中的操作符还能进行必要的类型检查，因而能够改善程序的可靠性。

Company * company = new Company("APPLE", "IPHONE");
 
TechCompany * tecCompany = dynamic_cast<TechCompany *>(company)

现在两个尖括号之间写出想要的指针类型,然后是将被转换的值写在括号中。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
 
using namespace std;
 
class Company
{
public:
	Company(string theName, string product);
	virtual void printInfo();
 
protected:
	string name;
	string product;
};
 
class TechCompany:public Company
{
public:
	TechCompany(string theName, string product);
	virtual void printInfo();
};
 
Company::Company(string theName, string product)
{
	name = theName;
	this -> product = product;
}
 
void Company::printInfo()
{
	cout << "这个公司的名字叫: " << name <<
		"正在生产" << product << "\n";
}
 
TechCompany::TechCompany(string theName, string product):Company(theName, product)
{
}
 
void TechCompany::printInfo()
{
	cout << name << "公司大量生产了" << product << "这款产品!\n";
}
 
int main()
{
	Company *company = new Company("APPLE", "IPHONE");
	TechCompany *tecCompany =  dynamic_cast<TechCompany *>(company);
 
	if (tecCompany != NULL)
	{
		cout << "成功!" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "悲催!\n";
	}
	tecCompany -> printInfo();
 
	delete company;
 
	company = NULL;
	tecCompany = NULL;
	
	return 0;
 
}

运行结果：

悲催!
段错误 (核心已转储)

这是因为不同对象导致的

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
 
using namespace std;
 
class Company
{
public:
	Company(string theName, string product);
	virtual void printInfo();
 
protected:
	string name;
	string product;
};
 
class TechCompany:public Company
{
public:
	TechCompany(string theName, string product);
	virtual void printInfo();
};
 
Company::Company(string theName, string product)
{
	name = theName;
	this -> product = product;
}
 
void Company::printInfo()
{
	cout << "这个公司的名字叫: " << name <<
		"正在生产" << product << "\n";
}
 
TechCompany::TechCompany(string theName, string product):Company(theName, product)
{
}
 
void TechCompany::printInfo()
{
	cout << name << "公司大量生产了" << product << "这款产品!\n";
}
 
int main()
{
	Company *company = new Company("APPLE", "IPHONE");
	TechCompany *tecCompany =  dynamic_cast<TechCompany *>(company);
 
	if (tecCompany != NULL)
	{
		cout << "成功!" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "悲催!\n";
	}
	//tecCompany -> printInfo();
 
	delete company;
 
	company = NULL;
	tecCompany = NULL;
	
	return 0;
 
}

运行结果：

悲催!

最后程序的输出为：悲催！说明两个不同类型的结构不能用于强制类型转换。

修改为相同类型

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
 
using namespace std;
 
class Company
{
public:
	Company(string theName, string product);
	virtual void printInfo();
 
protected:
	string name;
	string product;
};
 
class TechCompany:public Company
{
public:
	TechCompany(string theName, string product);
	virtual void printInfo();
};
 
Company::Company(string theName, string product)
{
	name = theName;
	this -> product = product;
}
 
void Company::printInfo()
{
	cout << "这个公司的名字叫: " << name <<
		"正在生产" << product << "\n";
}
 
TechCompany::TechCompany(string theName, string product):Company(theName, product)
{
}
 
void TechCompany::printInfo()
{
	cout << name << "公司大量生产了" << product << "这款产品!\n";
}
 
int main()
{
	Company *company = new Company("APPLE", "IPHONE");
	Company *tecCompany =  dynamic_cast<Company *>(company);
 
	if (tecCompany != NULL)
	{
		cout << "成功!" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "悲催!\n";
	}
	tecCompany -> printInfo();
 
	delete company;
 
	company = NULL;
	tecCompany = NULL;
	
	return 0;
 
}

运行结果：

成功!
这个公司的名字叫: APPLE正在生产IPHONE

小甲鱼-C++快速入门笔记 37 之高级强制类型转换

一、静态对象强制类型转换

二、 传统的强制类型转换

三、动态对象强制类型转换

二、传统的强制类型转换