编程小白的第一本Python入门书-内建函数（5）

1、type() 获取变量类型

print(type('Hello World'))
print(type("Hello World"))
print(type(1))

控制台结果：
<type 'str'>
<type 'str'>
<type 'int'>

2、int() str() 变量类型的转化

num=1
string='1'
num2=int(string)
print(num+num2)

可以看到，空格也会占一个长度。 

3、len() 得到字符串的长度

print(len('caohui'))
print(len('cao hui'))

控制台输出：
6
7

4、replace() 字符串的替换

phoneNumber = '1386-666-0006'
hidingNumber = phoneNumber.replace(phoneNumber[:9],'*'*9)
print (hidingNumber)
控制台输出：
*********0006

5、find() 找到字符串某个字段在字符串中的第一个起始位置

phoneNumber = '000123456789123000'
print(phoneNumber.find('123'))

search='168'
num_a = '1386-168-0006'
num_b = '1681-222-0006'
print(search +' is to '+str(num_a.find(search))+'to'+str(num_a.find(search)+len(search))+' of num_a')
print(search +' is to '+str(num_b.find(search))+'to'+str(num_b.find(search)+len(search))+' of num_b')

第一组输出：
3
第二组输出：
168 is to 5to8 of num_a
168 is to 0to3 of num_b

 6、format() 字符串格式化符，实现“填空”输出

print('{} a word she can get what she {} for.'.format('With','came'))
print('{preposition} a word she can get what she {verb} for.'.format(preposition='With',verb='came'))
print('{0} a word she can get what she {1} for.'.format('With','came'))

控制台输出：
With a word she can get what she came for.
With a word she can get what she came for.
With a word she can get what she came for.

7、sum()

num=[1,2,3]
print(sum(num))

控制台输出：
6

8、append()

添加列表元素

9、range() 

表示一个范围，经常运用于for循环

10、randrange() 需要先import random

import random
for num in range(1,4):
    print(random.randrange(1,7))

控制台输出：（随机的，每次的输出可能不一致）
6
1
6