HBase入门

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-30 17:30:34 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-30 17:30:34 发布

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http://gcgmh.iteye.com/blog/459361

HBase入门HBase入门

部分内容参考于http://www.nabble.com/Re%3A-Map-Reduce-over-HBase---sample-code-p18253120.html

HBase是Hadoop的一个子项目,HBase采用了Google BigTable的稀疏的,面向列的数据库实现方式的理论,建立在hadoop的hdfs上,一方面里用了hdfs的高可靠性和可伸缩行,另外一方面里用了BigTable的高效数据组织形式.可以说HBase为海量数据的real-time相应提供了很好的一个开源解决方案.据说在某运营商中使用类似于BigTable(个人猜测应该就是HBase)的技术可以在两秒时间内从2TB数据中查找到某条话费记录.而这是原来该运营商使用Oracle数据库所无法解决的问题.

对于HBase使用的类似与BigTable的技术我们这里就不仔细描述,可以参考google的论文以及网上的一些相关资料.另外,HBase的配置在HBase的官方文档中有很详细的描述.可以参见相关文档.

HBase提供了一个类似于mysql等关系型数据库的shell.通过该shell我们可以对HBase的内的相关表以及列族进行控制和处理.HBase shell的help命令比较详细的列出了HBase所支持的命令.具体使用方法可以参见其文档.

这里我们用一个学生成绩表作为例子,对HBase的基本操作和基本概念进行讲解:

下面是学生的成绩表:

name grad      course:math   course:art

Tom    1         87                    97

Jerry   2            100                  80

这里grad对于表来说是一个列,course对于表来说是一个列族,这个列族由两个列组成:math和art,当然我们可以根据我们的需要在course中建立更多的列族,如computer,physics等相应的列添加入course列族.

有了上面的想法和需求,我们就可以在HBase中建立相应的数据表啦!

1, 建立一个表格 scores 具有两个列族grad 和courese

hbase(main):002:0> create 'scores', 'grade', 'course'

0 row(s) in 4.1610 seconds

2,查看当先HBase中具有哪些表

hbase(main):003:0> list

scores

1 row(s) in 0.0210 seconds

3,查看表的构造

hbase(main):004:0> describe 'scores'

{NAME => 'scores', IS_ROOT => 'false', IS_META => 'false', FAMILIES => [{NAME => 'course', BLOOMFILTER => 'false', IN_MEMORY => 'false', LENGTH => '2147483647', BLOCKCACHE => 'false', VERSIONS => '3', TTL => '-1', COMPRESSION => 'NONE'}, {NAME => 'grade', BLOOMFILTER => 'false', IN_MEMORY => 'false', LENGTH => '2147483647', BLOCKCACHE => 'false', VERSIONS => '3', TTL => '-1', COMPRESSION => 'NONE'}]}

1 row(s) in 0.0130 seconds

4, 加入一行数据,行名称为 Tom 列族grad的列名为”” 值位1

hbase(main):005:0> put 'scores', 'Tom', 'grade:', '1'

0 row(s) in 0.0070 seconds

5,给Tom这一行的数据的列族添加一列 <math,87>

hbase(main):006:0> put 'scores', 'Tom', 'course:math', '87'

0 row(s) in 0.0040 seconds

6,给Tom这一行的数据的列族添加一列 <art,97>

hbase(main):007:0> put 'scores', 'Tom', 'course:art', '97'

0 row(s) in 0.0030 seconds

7, 加入一行数据,行名称为 Jerry 列族grad的列名为”” 值位2

hbase(main):008:0> put 'scores', 'Jerry', 'grade:', '2'

0 row(s) in 0.0040 seconds

8,给Jerry这一行的数据的列族添加一列 <math,100>

hbase(main):009:0> put 'scores', 'Jerry', 'course:math', '100'

0 row(s) in 0.0030 seconds

9,给Jerry这一行的数据的列族添加一列 <art,80>

hbase(main):010:0> put 'scores', 'Jerry', 'course:art', '80'

0 row(s) in 0.0050 seconds

10,查看scores表中Tom的相关数据

hbase(main):011:0> get 'scores', 'Tom'

COLUMN                       CELL

course:art                  timestamp=1224726394286, value=97

course:math                 timestamp=1224726377027, value=87

grade:                      timestamp=1224726360727, value=1

3 row(s) in 0.0070 seconds

11,查看scores表中所有数据

hbase(main):012:0> scan 'scores'

ROW                          COLUMN+CELL

Tom                         column=course:art, timestamp=1224726394286, value=97

Tom                         column=course:math, timestamp=1224726377027, value=87

Tom                         column=grade:, timestamp=1224726360727, value=1

Jerry                        column=course:art, timestamp=1224726424967, value=80

Jerry                        column=course:math, timestamp=1224726416145, value=100

Jerry                        column=grade:, timestamp=1224726404965, value=2

6 row(s) in 0.0410 seconds

12,查看scores表中所有数据courses列族的所有数据

hbase(main):013:0> scan 'scores', ['course:']

ROW                          COLUMN+CELL

Tom                         column=course:art, timestamp=1224726394286, value=97

Tom                         column=course:math, timestamp=1224726377027, value=87

Jerry                        column=course:art, timestamp=1224726424967, value=80

Jerry                        column=course:math, timestamp=1224726416145, value=100

4 row(s) in 0.0200 seconds

上面就是HBase的基本shell操作的一个例子,可以看出,hbase的shell还是比较简单易用的,从中也可以看出HBase shell缺少很多传统sql中的一些类似于like等相关操作,当然,HBase作为BigTable的一个开源实现,而BigTable是作为google业务的支持模型,很多sql语句中的一些东西可能还真的不需要.

当然,通过程序我们也可以对HBase进行相关的操作.下面的程序就完成了上面shell操作的内容:

Java代码

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Writable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HTableDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HColumnDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HBaseAdmin;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HTable;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.BatchUpdate;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.RowResult;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.Cell;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Writables;
public class HBaseBasic {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
HBaseConfiguration config = new HBaseConfiguration();
HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(config);
if (admin.tableExists("scores")) {
System.out.println("drop table");
admin.disableTable("scores");
admin.deleteTable("scores");
}
System.out.println("create table");
HTableDescriptor tableDescripter = new HTableDescriptor("scores".getBytes());
tableDescripter.addFamily(new HColumnDescriptor("grade:"));
tableDescripter.addFamily(new HColumnDescriptor("course:"));
admin.createTable(tableDescripter);
HTable table = new HTable(config, "scores");
System.out.println("add Tom's data");
BatchUpdate tomUpdate = new BatchUpdate("Tom");
tomUpdate.put("grade:", Writables.getBytes(new IntWritable(1)));
tomUpdate.put("course:math", Writables.getBytes(new IntWritable(87)));
tomUpdate.put("course:art", Writables.getBytes(new IntWritable(97)));
table.commit(tomUpdate);
System.out.println("add Jerry's data");
BatchUpdate jerryUpdate = new BatchUpdate("Jerry");
jerryUpdate.put("grade:", Writables.getBytes(new IntWritable(2)));
jerryUpdate.put("course:math", Writables.getBytes(new IntWritable(100)));
jerryUpdate.put("course:art", Writables.getBytes(new IntWritable(80)));
table.commit(jerryUpdate);
for (RowResult row : table.getScanner(new String[] { "course:" })) {
System.out.format("ROW\t%s\n", new String(row.getRow()));
for (Map.Entry<byte[], Cell> entry : row.entrySet()) {
String column = new String(entry.getKey());
Cell cell = entry.getValue();
IntWritable value = new IntWritable();
Writables.copyWritable(cell.getValue(), value);
System.out.format(" COLUMN\t%s\t%d\n", column, value.get());
}
}
}
}

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Writable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HTableDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HColumnDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HBaseAdmin;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HTable;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.BatchUpdate;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.RowResult;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.Cell;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Writables;

public class HBaseBasic {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        HBaseConfiguration config = new HBaseConfiguration();

        HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(config);


        if (admin.tableExists("scores")) {

            System.out.println("drop table");

            admin.disableTable("scores");

            admin.deleteTable("scores");

        }

        System.out.println("create table");

        HTableDescriptor tableDescripter = new HTableDescriptor("scores".getBytes());

        tableDescripter.addFamily(new HColumnDescriptor("grade:"));

        tableDescripter.addFamily(new HColumnDescriptor("course:"));

        admin.createTable(tableDescripter);


        HTable table = new HTable(config, "scores");

        System.out.println("add Tom's data");

        BatchUpdate tomUpdate = new BatchUpdate("Tom");

        tomUpdate.put("grade:", Writables.getBytes(new IntWritable(1)));

        tomUpdate.put("course:math", Writables.getBytes(new IntWritable(87)));

        tomUpdate.put("course:art", Writables.getBytes(new IntWritable(97)));

        table.commit(tomUpdate);

        System.out.println("add Jerry's data");

        BatchUpdate jerryUpdate = new BatchUpdate("Jerry");

        jerryUpdate.put("grade:", Writables.getBytes(new IntWritable(2)));

        jerryUpdate.put("course:math", Writables.getBytes(new IntWritable(100)));

        jerryUpdate.put("course:art", Writables.getBytes(new IntWritable(80)));

        table.commit(jerryUpdate);

        for (RowResult row : table.getScanner(new String[] { "course:" })) {

            System.out.format("ROW\t%s\n", new String(row.getRow()));

            for (Map.Entry<byte[], Cell> entry : row.entrySet()) {

                String column = new String(entry.getKey());

                Cell cell = entry.getValue();

                IntWritable value = new IntWritable();

                Writables.copyWritable(cell.getValue(), value);

                System.out.format("  COLUMN\t%s\t%d\n", column, value.get());

            }
        }
    }
}

输出如下:

drop table

09/07/11 08:51:59 INFO client.HBaseAdmin: Disabled scores

09/07/11 08:51:59 INFO client.HBaseAdmin: Deleted scores

create table

add Tom's data

add Jerry's data

ROW     Tom

COLUMN        course:art      97

COLUMN        course:math     87

ROW     Jerry

COLUMN        course:art      80

COLUMN        course:math     100

转载于：http://labs.chinamobile.com/mblog/4110_22332