http://blog.csdn.net/smcwwh/article/details/7183869
关键字:Java解析xml、解析xml四种方法、DOM、SAX、JDOM、DOM4j、XPath
【引言】
目前在Java中用于解析XML的技术很多,主流的有DOM、SAX、JDOM、DOM4j,下文主要介绍这4种解析XML文档技术的使用、优缺点及性能测试。
一、【基础知识——扫盲】
sax、dom是两种对xml文档进行解析的方法(没有具体实现,只是接口),所以只有它们是无法解析xml文档的;jaxp只是api,它进一步封装了sax、dom两种接口,并且提供了DomcumentBuilderFactory/DomcumentBuilder和SAXParserFactory/SAXParser(默认使用xerces解释器)。
二、【DOM、SAX、JDOM、DOM4j简单使用介绍】
1、【DOM(Document Object Model) 】
由W3C提供的接口,它将整个XML文档读入内存,构建一个DOM树来对各个节点(Node)进行操作。
示例代码:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<university name="pku">
<college name="c1">
<class name="class1">
<student name="stu1" sex='male' age="21" />
<student name="stu2" sex='female' age="20" />
<student name="stu3" sex='female' age="20" />
</class>
<class name="class2">
<student name="stu4" sex='male' age="19" />
<student name="stu5" sex='female' age="20" />
<student name="stu6" sex='female' age="21" />
</class>
</college>
<college name="c2">
<class name="class3">
<student name="stu7" sex='male' age="20" />
</class>
</college>
<college name="c3">
</college>
</university>
后文代码中有使用到text.xml(该文档放在src路径下,既编译后在classes路径下),都是指该xml文档。
package test.xml;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.w3c.dom.Text;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
/**
* dom读写xml
* @author whwang
*/
public class TestDom {
public static void main(String[] args) {
read();
//write();
}
public static void read() {
DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
try {
DocumentBuilder builder = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
InputStream in = TestDom.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("test.xml");
Document doc = builder.parse(in);
// root <university>
Element root = doc.getDocumentElement();
if (root == null) return;
System.err.println(root.getAttribute("name"));
// all college node
NodeList collegeNodes = root.getChildNodes();
if (collegeNodes == null) return;
for(int i = 0; i < collegeNodes.getLength(); i++) {
Node college = collegeNodes.item(i);
if (college != null && college.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
System.err.println("\t" + college.getAttributes().getNamedItem("name").getNodeValue());
// all class node
NodeList classNodes = college.getChildNodes();
if (classNodes == null) continue;
for (int j = 0; j < classNodes.getLength(); j++) {
Node clazz = classNodes.item(j);
if (clazz != null && clazz.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
System.err.println("\t\t" + clazz.getAttributes().getNamedItem("name").getNodeValue());
// all student node
NodeList studentNodes = clazz.getChildNodes();
if (studentNodes == null) continue;
for (int k = 0; k < studentNodes.getLength(); k++) {
Node student = studentNodes.item(k);
if (student != null && student.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
System.err.print("\t\t\t" + student.getAttributes().getNamedItem("name").getNodeValue());
System.err.print(" " + student.getAttributes().getNamedItem("sex").getNodeValue());
System.err.println(" " + student.getAttributes().getNamedItem("age").getNodeValue());
}
}
}
}
}
}
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SAXException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void write() {
DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
try {
DocumentBuilder builder = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
InputStream in = TestDom.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("test.xml");
Document doc = builder.parse(in);
// root <university>
Element root = doc.getDocumentElement();
if (root == null) return;
// 修改属性
root.setAttribute("name", "tsu");
NodeList collegeNodes = root.getChildNodes();
if (collegeNodes != null) {
for (int i = 0; i <collegeNodes.getLength() - 1; i++) {
// 删除节点
Node college = collegeNodes.item(i);
if (college.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
String collegeName = college.getAttributes().getNamedItem("name").getNodeValue();
if ("c1".equals(collegeName) || "c2".equals(collegeName)) {
root.removeChild(college);
} else if ("c3".equals(collegeName)) {
Element newChild = doc.createElement("class");
newChild.setAttribute("name", "c4");
college.appendChild(newChild);
}
}
}
}
// 新增节点
Element addCollege = doc.createElement("college");
addCollege.setAttribute("name", "c5");
root.appendChild(addCollege);
Text text = doc.createTextNode("text");
addCollege.appendChild(text);
// 将修改后的文档保存到文件
TransformerFactory transFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
Transformer transFormer = transFactory.newTransformer();
DOMSource domSource = new DOMSource(doc);
File file = new File("src/dom-modify.xml");
if (file.exists()) {
file.delete();
}
file.createNewFile();
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(file);
StreamResult xmlResult = new StreamResult(out);
transFormer.transform(domSource, xmlResult);
System.out.println(file.getAbsolutePath());
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SAXException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (TransformerException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
该代码只要稍做修改,即可变得更加简洁,无需一直写if来判断是否有子节点。
2、【SAX (Simple API for XML) 】
SAX不用将整个文档加载到内存,基于事件驱动的API(Observer模式),用户只需要注册自己感兴趣的事件即可。SAX提供EntityResolver, DTDHandler, ContentHandler, ErrorHandler接口,分别用于监听解析实体事件、DTD处理事件、正文处理事件和处理出错事件,与AWT类似,SAX还提供了一个对这4个接口默认的类DefaultHandler(这里的默认实现,其实就是一个空方法),一般只要继承DefaultHandler,重写自己感兴趣的事件即可。
示例代码:
package test.xml;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
import org.xml.sax.Locator;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.SAXParseException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
/**
*
* @author whwang
*/
public class TestSAX {
public static void main(String[] args) {
read();
write();
}
public static void read() {
try {
SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
SAXParser parser = factory.newSAXParser();
InputStream in = TestSAX.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("test.xml");
parser.parse(in, new MyHandler());
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SAXException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void write() {
System.err.println("纯SAX对于写操作无能为力");
}
}
// 重写对自己感兴趣的事件处理方法
class MyHandler extends DefaultHandler {
@Override
public InputSource resolveEntity(String publicId, String systemId)
throws IOException, SAXException {
return super.resolveEntity(publicId, systemId);
}
@Override
public void notationDecl(String name, String publicId, String systemId)
throws SAXException {
super.notationDecl(name, publicId, systemId);
}
@Override
public void unparsedEntityDecl(String name, String publicId,
String systemId, String notationName) throws SAXException {
super.unparsedEntityDecl(name, publicId, systemId, notationName);
}
@Override
public void setDocumentLocator(Locator locator) {
super.setDocumentLocator(locator);
}
@Override
public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
System.err.println("开始解析文档");
}
@Override
public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
System.err.println("解析结束");
}
@Override
public void startPrefixMapping(String prefix, String uri)
throws SAXException {
super.startPrefixMapping(prefix, uri);
}
@Override
public void endPrefixMapping(String prefix) throws SAXException {
super.endPrefixMapping(prefix);
}
@Override
public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName,
Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
System.err.print("Element: " + qName + ", attr: ");
print(attributes);
}
@Override
public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName)
throws SAXException {
super.endElement(uri, localName, qName);
}
@Override
public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length)
throws SAXException {
super.characters(ch, start, length);
}
@Override
public void ignorableWhitespace(char[] ch, int start, int length)
throws SAXException {
super.ignorableWhitespace(ch, start, length);
}
@Override
public void processingInstruction(String target, String data)
throws SAXException {
super.processingInstruction(target, data);
}
@Override
public void skippedEntity(String name) throws SAXException {
super.skippedEntity(name);
}
@Override
public void warning(SAXParseException e) throws SAXException {
super.warning(e);
}
@Override
public void error(SAXParseException e) throws SAXException {
super.error(e);
}
@Override
public void fatalError(SAXParseException e) throws SAXException {
super.fatalError(e);
}
private void print(Attributes attrs) {
if (attrs == null) return;
System.err.print("[");
for (int i = 0; i < attrs.getLength(); i++) {
System.err.print(attrs.getQName(i) + " = " + attrs.getValue(i));
if (i != attrs.getLength() - 1) {
System.err.print(", ");
}
}
System.err.println("]");
}
}
3、【JDOM】
JDOM与DOM非常类似,它是处理XML的纯JAVA API,API大量使用了Collections类,且JDOM仅使用具体类而不使用接口。 JDOM 它自身不包含解析器。它通常使用 SAX2 解析器来解析和验证输入 XML 文档(尽管它还可以将以前构造的 DOM 表示作为输入)。它包含一些转换器以将 JDOM 表示输出成 SAX2 事件流、DOM 模型或 XML 文本文档
示例代码:
package test.xml;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;
import org.jdom.Attribute;
import org.jdom.Document;
import org.jdom.Element;
import org.jdom.JDOMException;
import org.jdom.input.SAXBuilder;
import org.jdom.output.XMLOutputter;
/**
* JDom读写xml
* @author whwang
*/
public class TestJDom {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//read();
write();
}
public static void read() {
try {
boolean validate = false;
SAXBuilder builder = new SAXBuilder(validate);
InputStream in = TestJDom.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("test.xml");
Document doc = builder.build(in);
// 获取根节点 <university>
Element root = doc.getRootElement();
readNode(root, "");
} catch (JDOMException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static void readNode(Element root, String prefix) {
if (root == null) return;
// 获取属性
List<Attribute> attrs = root.getAttributes();
if (attrs != null && attrs.size() > 0) {
System.err.print(prefix);
for (Attribute attr : attrs) {
System.err.print(attr.getValue() + " ");
}
System.err.println();
}
// 获取他的子节点
List<Element> childNodes = root.getChildren();
prefix += "\t";
for (Element e : childNodes) {
readNode(e, prefix);
}
}
public static void write() {
boolean validate = false;
try {
SAXBuilder builder = new SAXBuilder(validate);
InputStream in = TestJDom.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("test.xml");
Document doc = builder.build(in);
// 获取根节点 <university>
Element root = doc.getRootElement();
// 修改属性
root.setAttribute("name", "tsu");
// 删除
boolean isRemoved = root.removeChildren("college");
System.err.println(isRemoved);
// 新增
Element newCollege = new Element("college");
newCollege.setAttribute("name", "new_college");
Element newClass = new Element("class");
newClass.setAttribute("name", "ccccc");
newCollege.addContent(newClass);
root.addContent(newCollege);
XMLOutputter out = new XMLOutputter();
File file = new File("src/jdom-modify.xml");
if (file.exists()) {
file.delete();
}
file.createNewFile();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file);
out.output(doc, fos);
} catch (JDOMException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
4、【DOM4j】
dom4j是目前在xml解析方面是最优秀的(Hibernate、Sun的JAXM也都使用dom4j来解析XML),它合并了许多超出基本 XML 文档表示的功能,包括集成的 XPath 支持、XML Schema 支持以及用于大文档或流化文档的基于事件的处理
示例代码:
package test.xml;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;
import org.dom4j.Attribute;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.ProcessingInstruction;
import org.dom4j.VisitorSupport;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;
/**
* Dom4j读写xml
* @author whwang
*/
public class TestDom4j {
public static void main(String[] args) {
read1();
//read2();
//write();
}
public static void read1() {
try {
SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
InputStream in = TestDom4j.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("test.xml");
Document doc = reader.read(in);
Element root = doc.getRootElement();
readNode(root, "");
} catch (DocumentException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static void readNode(Element root, String prefix) {
if (root == null) return;
// 获取属性
List<Attribute> attrs = root.attributes();
if (attrs != null && attrs.size() > 0) {
System.err.print(prefix);
for (Attribute attr : attrs) {
System.err.print(attr.getValue() + " ");
}
System.err.println();
}
// 获取他的子节点
List<Element> childNodes = root.elements();
prefix += "\t";
for (Element e : childNodes) {
readNode(e, prefix);
}
}
public static void read2() {
try {
SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
InputStream in = TestDom4j.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("test.xml");
Document doc = reader.read(in);
doc.accept(new MyVistor());
} catch (DocumentException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void write() {
try {
// 创建一个xml文档
Document doc = DocumentHelper.createDocument();
Element university = doc.addElement("university");
university.addAttribute("name", "tsu");
// 注释
university.addComment("这个是根节点");
Element college = university.addElement("college");
college.addAttribute("name", "cccccc");
college.setText("text");
File file = new File("src/dom4j-modify.xml");
if (file.exists()) {
file.delete();
}
file.createNewFile();
XMLWriter out = new XMLWriter(new FileWriter(file));
out.write(doc);
out.flush();
out.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class MyVistor extends VisitorSupport {
public void visit(Attribute node) {
System.out.println("Attibute: " + node.getName() + "="
+ node.getValue());
}
public void visit(Element node) {
if (node.isTextOnly()) {
System.out.println("Element: " + node.getName() + "="
+ node.getText());
} else {
System.out.println(node.getName());
}
}
@Override
public void visit(ProcessingInstruction node) {
System.out.println("PI:" + node.getTarget() + " " + node.getText());
}
}
三、【性能测试】
环境:AMD4400+ 2.0+GHz主频 JDK6.0
运行参数:-Xms400m -Xmx400m
xml文件大小:10.7M
结果:
DOM: >581297ms
SAX: 8829ms
JDOM: 581297ms
DOM4j: 5309ms
时间包括IO的,只是进行了简单的测试,仅供参考!!!!
四、【对比】
1、【DOM】
DOM是基于树的结构,通常需要加载整文档和构造DOM树,然后才能开始工作。
优点:
a、由于整棵树在内存中,因此可以对xml文档随机访问
b、可以对xml文档进行修改操作
c、较sax,dom使用也更简单。
缺点:
a、整个文档必须一次性解析完
a、由于整个文档都需要载入内存,对于大文档成本高
2、【SAX】
SAX类似流媒体,它基于事件驱动的,因此无需将整个文档载入内存,使用者只需要监听自己感兴趣的事件即可。
优点:
a、无需将整个xml文档载入内存,因此消耗内存少
b、可以注册多个ContentHandler
缺点:
a、不能随机的访问xml中的节点
b、不能修改文档
3、【JDOM】
JDOM是纯Java的处理XML的API,其API中大量使用Collections类,
优点:
a、DOM方式的优点
b、具有SAX的Java规则
缺点
a、DOM方式的缺点
4、【DOM4J】
这4中xml解析方式中,最优秀的一个,集易用和性能于一身。
五、【小插曲XPath】
XPath 是一门在 XML 文档中查找信息的语言, 可用来在 XML 文档中对元素和属性进行遍历。XPath 是 W3C XSLT 标准的主要元素,并且 XQuery 和 XPointer 同时被构建于 XPath 表达之上。因此,对 XPath 的理解是很多高级 XML 应用的基础。
XPath非常类似对数据库操作的SQL语言,或者说JQuery,它可以方便开发者抓起文档中需要的东西。(dom4j也支持xpath)
示例代码:
package test.xml;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.xpath.XPath;
import javax.xml.xpath.XPathConstants;
import javax.xml.xpath.XPathExpression;
import javax.xml.xpath.XPathExpressionException;
import javax.xml.xpath.XPathFactory;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
public class TestXPath {
public static void main(String[] args) {
read();
}
public static void read() {
try {
DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder builder = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
InputStream in = TestXPath.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("test.xml");
Document doc = builder.parse(in);
XPathFactory factory = XPathFactory.newInstance();
XPath xpath = factory.newXPath();
// 选取所有class元素的name属性
// XPath语法介绍: http://w3school.com.cn/xpath/
XPathExpression expr = xpath.compile("//class/@name");
NodeList nodes = (NodeList) expr.evaluate(doc, XPathConstants.NODESET);
for (int i = 0; i < nodes.getLength(); i++) {
System.out.println("name = " + nodes.item(i).getNodeValue());
}
} catch (XPathExpressionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SAXException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
注意4种解析方法对TextNode(文本节点)的处理:
1、在使用DOM时,调用node.getChildNodes()获取该节点的子节点,文本节点也会被当作一个Node来返回,如:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<university name="pku">
<college name="c1">
<class name="class1">
<student name="stu1" sex='male' age="21" />
<student name="stu2" sex='female' age="20" />
<student name="stu3" sex='female' age="20" />
</class>
</college>
</university>
package test.xml;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Arrays;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
/**
* dom读写xml
* @author whwang
*/
public class TestDom2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
read();
}
public static void read() {
DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
try {
DocumentBuilder builder = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
InputStream in = TestDom2.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("test.xml");
Document doc = builder.parse(in);
// root <university>
Element root = doc.getDocumentElement();
if (root == null) return;
// System.err.println(root.getAttribute("name"));
// all college node
NodeList collegeNodes = root.getChildNodes();
if (collegeNodes == null) return;
System.err.println("university子节点数:" + collegeNodes.getLength());
System.err.println("子节点如下:");
for(int i = 0; i < collegeNodes.getLength(); i++) {
Node college = collegeNodes.item(i);
if (college == null) continue;
if (college.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
System.err.println("\t元素节点:" + college.getNodeName());
} else if (college.getNodeType() == Node.TEXT_NODE) {
System.err.println("\t文本节点:" + Arrays.toString(college.getTextContent().getBytes()));
}
}
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SAXException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
输出的结果是:
university子节点数:3
子节点如下:
文本节点:[10, 9]
元素节点:college
文本节点:[10]
其中\n的ASCII码为10,\t的ASCII码为9。结果让人大吃一惊,university的子节点数不是1,也不是2,而是3,这3个子节点都是谁呢?为了看得更清楚点,把xml文档改为:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<university name="pku">11
<college name="c1">
<class name="class1">
<student name="stu1" sex='male' age="21" />
<student name="stu2" sex='female' age="20" />
<student name="stu3" sex='female' age="20" />
</class>
</college>22
</university>
还是上面的程序,输出结果为:
university子节点数:3
子节点如下:
文本节点:[49, 49, 10, 9]
元素节点:college
文本节点:[50, 50, 10]
其中数字1的ASCII码为49,数字2的ASCII码为50。
2、使用SAX来解析同DOM,当你重写它的public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length)方法时,你就能看到。
3、JDOM,调用node.getChildren()只返回子节点,不包括TextNode节点(不管该节点是否有Text信息)。如果要获取该节点的Text信息,可以调用node.getText()方法,该方法返回节点的Text信息,也包括\n\t等特殊字符。
4、DOM4j同JDOM
参考:
http://www.docin.com/p-78963650.html
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/b091f9360b4c2e3f5727638b.html
http://kree.iteye.com/blog/668280
详解Java解析XML的四种方法
http://developer.51cto.com/art/200903/117512.htm
XML现在已经成为一种通用的数据交换格式,它的平台无关性,语言无关性,系统无关性,给数据集成与交互带来了极大的方便。对于XML本身的语法知识与技术细节,需要阅读相关的技术文献,这里面包括的内容有DOM(Document Object Model),DTD(Document Type Definition),SAX(Simple API for XML),XSD(Xml Schema Definition),XSLT(Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations),具体可参阅w3c官方网站文档http://www.w3.org获取更多信息。
XML在不同的语言里解析方式都是一样的,只不过实现的语法不同而已。基本的解析方式有两种,一种叫SAX,另一种叫DOM。SAX是基于事件流的解析,DOM是基于XML文档树结构的解析。假设我们XML的内容和结构如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <employees> <employee> <name>ddviplinux</name> <sex>m</sex> <age>30</age> </employee> </employees> |
本文使用JAVA语言来实现DOM与SAX的XML文档生成与解析。
首先定义一个操作XML文档的接口XmlDocument 它定义了XML文档的建立与解析的接口。
package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean; /** * * @author hongliang.dinghl * 定义XML文档建立与解析的接口 */ public interface XmlDocument { /** * 建立XML文档 * @param fileName 文件全路径名称 */ public void createXml(String fileName); /** * 解析XML文档 * @param fileName 文件全路径名称 */ public void parserXml(String fileName); } |
1.DOM生成和解析XML文档
为 XML 文档的已解析版本定义了一组接口。解析器读入整个文档,然后构建一个驻留内存的树结构,然后代码就可以使用 DOM 接口来操作这个树结构。优点:整个文档树在内存中,便于操作;支持删除、修改、重新排列等多种功能;缺点:将整个文档调入内存(包括无用的节点),浪费时间和空间;使用场合:一旦解析了文档还需多次访问这些数据;硬件资源充足(内存、CPU)。
package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.PrintWriter; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException; import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys; import javax.xml.transform.Transformer; import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException; import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException; import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory; import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource; import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult; import org.w3c.dom.Document; import org.w3c.dom.Element; import org.w3c.dom.Node; import org.w3c.dom.NodeList; import org.xml.sax.SAXException; /** * * @author hongliang.dinghl * DOM生成与解析XML文档 */ public class DomDemo implements XmlDocument { private Document document; private String fileName; public void init() { try { DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory .newInstance(); DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder(); this.document = builder.newDocument(); } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } } public void createXml(String fileName) { Element root = this.document.createElement("employees"); this.document.appendChild(root); Element employee = this.document.createElement("employee"); Element name = this.document.createElement("name"); name.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("丁宏亮")); employee.appendChild(name); Element sex = this.document.createElement("sex"); sex.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("m")); employee.appendChild(sex); Element age = this.document.createElement("age"); age.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("30")); employee.appendChild(age); root.appendChild(employee); TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance(); try { Transformer transformer = tf.newTransformer(); DOMSource source = new DOMSource(document); transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, "gb2312"); transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes"); PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new FileOutputStream(fileName)); StreamResult result = new StreamResult(pw); transformer.transform(source, result); System.out.println("生成XML文件成功!"); } catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } catch (TransformerException e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } } public void parserXml(String fileName) { try { DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder(); Document document = db.parse(fileName); NodeList employees = document.getChildNodes(); for (int i = 0; i < employees.getLength(); i++) { Node employee = employees.item(i); NodeList employeeInfo = employee.getChildNodes(); for (int j = 0; j < employeeInfo.getLength(); j++) { Node node = employeeInfo.item(j); NodeList employeeMeta = node.getChildNodes(); for (int k = 0; k < employeeMeta.getLength(); k++) { System.out.println(employeeMeta.item(k).getNodeName() + ":" + employeeMeta.item(k).getTextContent()); } } } System.out.println("解析完毕"); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } catch (SAXException e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } } }
2.SAX生成和解析XML文档
为解决DOM的问题,出现了SAX。SAX ,事件驱动。当解析器发现元素开始、元素结束、文本、文档的开始或结束等时,发送事件,程序员编写响应这些事件的代码,保存数据。优点:不用事先调入整个文档,占用资源少;SAX解析器代码比DOM解析器代码小,适于Applet,下载。缺点:不是持久的;事件过后,若没保存数据,那么数据就丢了;无状态性;从事件中只能得到文本,但不知该文本属于哪个元素;使用场合:Applet;只需XML文档的少量内容,很少回头访问;机器内存少;
Java代码
package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException; import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser; import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory; import org.xml.sax.Attributes; import org.xml.sax.SAXException; import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler; /** * * @author hongliang.dinghl * SAX文档解析 */ public class SaxDemo implements XmlDocument { public void createXml(String fileName) { System.out.println("<<"+filename+">>"); } public void parserXml(String fileName) { SAXParserFactory saxfac = SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); try { SAXParser saxparser = saxfac.newSAXParser(); InputStream is = new FileInputStream(fileName); saxparser.parse(is, new MySAXHandler()); } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (SAXException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } class MySAXHandler extends DefaultHandler { boolean hasAttribute = false; Attributes attributes = null; public void startDocument() throws SAXException { System.out.println("文档开始打印了"); } public void endDocument() throws SAXException { System.out.println("文档打印结束了"); } public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException { if (qName.equals("employees")) { return; } if (qName.equals("employee")) { System.out.println(qName); } if (attributes.getLength() > 0) { this.attributes = attributes; this.hasAttribute = true; } } public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException { if (hasAttribute && (attributes != null)) { for (int i = 0; i < attributes.getLength(); i++) { System.out.println(attributes.getQName(0) + attributes.getValue(0)); } } } public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException { System.out.println(new String(ch, start, length)); } } package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException; import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser; import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory; import org.xml.sax.Attributes; import org.xml.sax.SAXException; import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler; /** * * @author hongliang.dinghl * SAX文档解析 */ public class SaxDemo implements XmlDocument { public void createXml(String fileName) { System.out.println("<<"+filename+">>"); } public void parserXml(String fileName) { SAXParserFactory saxfac = SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); try { SAXParser saxparser = saxfac.newSAXParser(); InputStream is = new FileInputStream(fileName); saxparser.parse(is, new MySAXHandler()); } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (SAXException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } class MySAXHandler extends DefaultHandler { boolean hasAttribute = false; Attributes attributes = null; public void startDocument() throws SAXException { System.out.println("文档开始打印了"); } public void endDocument() throws SAXException { System.out.println("文档打印结束了"); } public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException { if (qName.equals("employees")) { return; } if (qName.equals("employee")) { System.out.println(qName); } if (attributes.getLength() > 0) { this.attributes = attributes; this.hasAttribute = true; } } public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException { if (hasAttribute && (attributes != null)) { for (int i = 0; i < attributes.getLength(); i++) { System.out.println(attributes.getQName(0) + attributes.getValue(0)); } } } public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException { System.out.println(new String(ch, start, length)); } }
3.DOM4J生成和解析XML文档
DOM4J 是一个非常非常优秀的Java XML API,具有性能优异、功能强大和极端易用使用的特点,同时它也是一个开放源代码的软件。如今你可以看到越来越多的 Java 软件都在使用 DOM4J 来读写 XML,特别值得一提的是连 Sun 的 JAXM 也在用 DOM4J。
Java代码
package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileWriter; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.Writer; import java.util.Iterator; import org.dom4j.Document; import org.dom4j.DocumentException; import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper; import org.dom4j.Element; import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader; import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter; /** * * @author hongliang.dinghl * Dom4j 生成XML文档与解析XML文档 */ public class Dom4jDemo implements XmlDocument { public void createXml(String fileName) { Document document = DocumentHelper.createDocument(); Element employees=document.addElement("employees"); Element employee=employees.addElement("employee"); Element name= employee.addElement("name"); name.setText("ddvip"); Element sex=employee.addElement("sex"); sex.setText("m"); Element age=employee.addElement("age"); age.setText("29"); try { Writer fileWriter=new FileWriter(fileName); XMLWriter xmlWriter=new XMLWriter(fileWriter); xmlWriter.write(document); xmlWriter.close(); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } } public void parserXml(String fileName) { File inputXml=new File(fileName); SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader(); try { Document document = saxReader.read(inputXml); Element employees=document.getRootElement(); for(Iterator i = employees.elementIterator(); i.hasNext();){ Element employee = (Element) i.next(); for(Iterator j = employee.elementIterator(); j.hasNext();){ Element node=(Element) j.next(); System.out.println(node.getName()+":"+node.getText()); } } } catch (DocumentException e) { System.out.println(e.getMessage()); } System.out.println("dom4j parserXml"); } }
4.JDOM生成和解析XML
为减少DOM、SAX的编码量,出现了JDOM;优点:20-80原则,极大减少了代码量。使用场合:要实现的功能简单,如解析、创建等,但在底层,JDOM还是使用SAX(最常用)、DOM、Xanan文档。
package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.List; import org.jdom.Document; import org.jdom.Element; import org.jdom.JDOMException; import org.jdom.input.SAXBuilder; import org.jdom.output.XMLOutputter; /** * * @author hongliang.dinghl * JDOM 生成与解析XML文档 * */ public class JDomDemo implements XmlDocument { public void createXml(String fileName) { Document document; Element root; root=new Element("employees"); document=new Document(root); Element employee=new Element("employee"); root.addContent(employee); Element name=new Element("name"); name.setText("ddvip"); employee.addContent(name); Element sex=new Element("sex"); sex.setText("m"); employee.addContent(sex); Element age=new Element("age"); age.setText("23"); employee.addContent(age); XMLOutputter XMLOut = new XMLOutputter(); try { XMLOut.output(document, new FileOutputStream(fileName)); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public void parserXml(String fileName) { SAXBuilder builder=new SAXBuilder(false); try { Document document=builder.build(fileName); Element employees=document.getRootElement(); List employeeList=employees.getChildren("employee"); for(int i=0;i<EMPLOYEELIST.SIZE();I++){ Element employee=(Element)employeeList.get(i); List employeeInfo=employee.getChildren(); for(int j=0;j<EMPLOYEEINFO.SIZE();J++){ System.out.println(((Element)employeeInfo.get(j)).getName()+":"+((Element)employeeInfo.get(j)).getValue()); } } } catch (JDOMException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
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