sql,mysql子查询的练习学习

 子查询的课后练习

#1.查询和Zlotkey相同部门的员工姓名和工资

SELECT last_name,salary
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IN (
            SELECT department_id
            FROM employees
            WHERE last_name = 'Zlotkey'
            );

#2.查询工资比公司平均工资高的员工的员工号,姓名和工资。

SELECT employee_id,last_name,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary > (
        SELECT AVG(salary)
        FROM employees
        );

#3.选择工资大于所有JOB_ID = 'SA_MAN'的员工的工资的员工的last_name, job_id, salary

SELECT last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary > ALL(
        SELECT salary
        FROM employees
        WHERE job_id = 'SA_MAN'
        );


#4.查询和姓名中包含字母u的员工在相同部门的员工的员工号和姓名

SELECT employee_id,last_name
FROM employees 
WHERE department_id IN (
            SELECT DISTINCT department_id
            FROM employees
            WHERE last_name LIKE '%u%'
            );


#5.查询在部门的location_id为1700的部门工作的员工的员工号

SELECT employee_id
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IN (
            SELECT department_id
            FROM departments
            WHERE location_id = 1700
            );


#6.查询管理者是King的员工姓名和工资

SELECT last_name,salary,manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id IN (
            SELECT employee_id
            FROM employees
            WHERE last_name = 'King'
            );

#7.查询工资最低的员工信息: last_name, salary

SELECT last_name,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary = (
        SELECT MIN(salary)
        FROM employees
        );


#8.查询平均工资最低的部门信息
#方式1:
SELECT *
FROM departments
WHERE department_id = (
            SELECT department_id
            FROM employees
            GROUP BY department_id
            HAVING AVG(salary ) = (
                        SELECT MIN(avg_sal)
                        FROM (
                            SELECT AVG(salary) avg_sal
                            FROM employees
                            GROUP BY department_id
                            ) t_dept_avg_sal

                        )
            );
#方式2:

SELECT *
FROM departments
WHERE department_id = (
            SELECT department_id
            FROM employees
            GROUP BY department_id
            HAVING AVG(salary ) <= ALL(
                        SELECT AVG(salary)
                        FROM employees
                        GROUP BY department_id
                        )
            );

#方式3: LIMIT

SELECT *
FROM departments
WHERE department_id = (
            SELECT department_id
            FROM employees
            GROUP BY department_id
            HAVING AVG(salary ) =(
                        SELECT AVG(salary) avg_sal
                        FROM employees
                        GROUP BY department_id
                        ORDER BY avg_sal ASC
                        LIMIT 1        
                        )
            );

#方式4:

SELECT d.*
FROM departments d,(
        SELECT department_id,AVG(salary) avg_sal
        FROM employees
        GROUP BY department_id
        ORDER BY avg_sal ASC
        LIMIT 0,1
        ) t_dept_avg_sal
WHERE d.`department_id` = t_dept_avg_sal.department_id
        
#9.查询平均工资最低的部门信息和该部门的平均工资(相关子查询)
#方式1:
SELECT d.*,(SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees WHERE department_id = d.`department_id`) avg_sal
FROM departments d
WHERE department_id = (
            SELECT department_id
            FROM employees
            GROUP BY department_id
            HAVING AVG(salary ) = (
                        SELECT MIN(avg_sal)
                        FROM (
                            SELECT AVG(salary) avg_sal
                            FROM employees
                            GROUP BY department_id
                            ) t_dept_avg_sal

                        )
            );

#方式2:

SELECT d.*,(SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees WHERE department_id = d.`department_id`) avg_sal
FROM departments d
WHERE department_id = (
            SELECT department_id
            FROM employees
            GROUP BY department_id
            HAVING AVG(salary ) <= ALL(
                        SELECT AVG(salary)
                        FROM employees
                        GROUP BY department_id
                        )
            );

#方式3: LIMIT

SELECT d.*,(SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees WHERE department_id = d.`department_id`) avg_sal
FROM departments d
WHERE department_id = (
            SELECT department_id
            FROM employees
            GROUP BY department_id
            HAVING AVG(salary ) =(
                        SELECT AVG(salary) avg_sal
                        FROM employees
                        GROUP BY department_id
                        ORDER BY avg_sal ASC
                        LIMIT 1        
                        )
            );

#方式4:

SELECT d.*,(SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees WHERE department_id = d.`department_id`) avg_sal
FROM departments d,(
        SELECT department_id,AVG(salary) avg_sal
        FROM employees
        GROUP BY department_id
        ORDER BY avg_sal ASC
        LIMIT 0,1
        ) t_dept_avg_sal
WHERE d.`department_id` = t_dept_avg_sal.department_id

#10.查询平均工资最高的 job 信息

#方式1:
SELECT *
FROM jobs
WHERE job_id = (
        SELECT job_id
        FROM employees
        GROUP BY job_id
        HAVING AVG(salary) = (
                    SELECT MAX(avg_sal)
                    FROM (
                        SELECT AVG(salary) avg_sal
                        FROM employees
                        GROUP BY job_id
                        ) t_job_avg_sal
                    )
        );

#方式2:
SELECT *
FROM jobs
WHERE job_id = (
        SELECT job_id
        FROM employees
        GROUP BY job_id
        HAVING AVG(salary) >= ALL(
                     SELECT AVG(salary) 
                     FROM employees
                     GROUP BY job_id
                     )
        );

#方式3:
SELECT *
FROM jobs
WHERE job_id = (
        SELECT job_id
        FROM employees
        GROUP BY job_id
        HAVING AVG(salary) =(
                     SELECT AVG(salary) avg_sal
                     FROM employees
                     GROUP BY job_id
                     ORDER BY avg_sal DESC
                     LIMIT 0,1
                     )
        );

#方式4:
SELECT j.*
FROM jobs j,(
        SELECT job_id,AVG(salary) avg_sal
        FROM employees
        GROUP BY job_id
        ORDER BY avg_sal DESC
        LIMIT 0,1        
        ) t_job_avg_sal
WHERE j.job_id = t_job_avg_sal.job_id
        
#11.查询平均工资高于公司平均工资的部门有哪些?

SELECT department_id
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING AVG(salary) > (
            SELECT AVG(salary)
            FROM employees
            );


#12.查询出公司中所有 manager 的详细信息

#方式1:自连接  xxx worked for yyy
SELECT DISTINCT mgr.employee_id,mgr.last_name,mgr.job_id,mgr.department_id
FROM employees emp JOIN employees mgr
ON emp.manager_id = mgr.employee_id;

#方式2:子查询

SELECT employee_id,last_name,job_id,department_id
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id IN (
            SELECT DISTINCT manager_id
            FROM employees
            );

#方式3:使用EXISTS
SELECT employee_id,last_name,job_id,department_id
FROM employees e1
WHERE EXISTS (
           SELECT *
           FROM employees e2
           WHERE e1.`employee_id` = e2.`manager_id`
         );

    
#13.各个部门中 最高工资中最低的那个部门的 最低工资是多少?

#方式1:
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = (
            SELECT department_id
            FROM employees
            GROUP BY department_id
            HAVING MAX(salary) = (
                        SELECT MIN(max_sal)
                        FROM (
                            SELECT MAX(salary) max_sal
                            FROM employees
                            GROUP BY department_id
                            ) t_dept_max_sal
                        )
            );

SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 10;

#方式2:
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = (
            SELECT department_id
            FROM employees
            GROUP BY department_id
            HAVING MAX(salary) <= ALL (
                        SELECT MAX(salary)
                        FROM employees
                        GROUP BY department_id
                        )
            );

#方式3:
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = (
            SELECT department_id
            FROM employees
            GROUP BY department_id
            HAVING MAX(salary) = (
                        SELECT MAX(salary) max_sal
                        FROM employees
                        GROUP BY department_id
                        ORDER BY max_sal ASC
                        LIMIT 0,1
                        )
            );
            
#方式4:
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees e,(
        SELECT department_id,MAX(salary) max_sal
        FROM employees
        GROUP BY department_id
        ORDER BY max_sal ASC
        LIMIT 0,1
        ) t_dept_max_sal
WHERE e.department_id = t_dept_max_sal.department_id


#14.查询平均工资最高的部门的 manager 的详细信息: last_name, department_id, email, salary
#方式1:
SELECT last_name, department_id, email, salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = ANY (
            SELECT DISTINCT manager_id
            FROM employees
            WHERE department_id = (
                        SELECT department_id
                        FROM employees
                        GROUP BY department_id
                        HAVING AVG(salary) = (
                                    SELECT MAX(avg_sal)
                                    FROM (
                                        SELECT AVG(salary) avg_sal
                                        FROM employees
                                        GROUP BY department_id
                                        ) t_dept_avg_sal
                                    )
                        )
            );

#方式2:
SELECT last_name, department_id, email, salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = ANY (
            SELECT DISTINCT manager_id
            FROM employees
            WHERE department_id = (
                        SELECT department_id
                        FROM employees
                        GROUP BY department_id
                        HAVING AVG(salary) >= ALL (
                                SELECT AVG(salary) avg_sal
                                FROM employees
                                GROUP BY department_id
                                )
                        )
            );

#方式3:
SELECT last_name, department_id, email, salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id IN (
            SELECT DISTINCT manager_id
            FROM employees e,(
                    SELECT department_id,AVG(salary) avg_sal
                    FROM employees
                    GROUP BY department_id
                    ORDER BY avg_sal DESC
                    LIMIT 0,1
                    ) t_dept_avg_sal
            WHERE e.`department_id` = t_dept_avg_sal.department_id
            );


#15. 查询部门的部门号,其中不包括job_id是"ST_CLERK"的部门号
#方式1:
SELECT department_id
FROM departments
WHERE department_id NOT IN (
            SELECT DISTINCT department_id
            FROM employees
            WHERE job_id = 'ST_CLERK'
            );

#方式2:
SELECT department_id
FROM departments d
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
        SELECT *
        FROM employees e
        WHERE d.`department_id` = e.`department_id`
        AND e.`job_id` = 'ST_CLERK'
        );

#16. 选择所有没有管理者的员工的last_name

SELECT last_name
FROM employees emp
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
        SELECT *
        FROM employees mgr
        WHERE emp.`manager_id` = mgr.`employee_id`
        );

#17.查询员工号、姓名、雇用时间、工资,其中员工的管理者为 'De Haan'
#方式1:
SELECT employee_id,last_name,hire_date,salary
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id IN (
        SELECT employee_id
        FROM employees
        WHERE last_name = 'De Haan'
        );

#方式2:
SELECT employee_id,last_name,hire_date,salary
FROM employees e1
WHERE EXISTS (
        SELECT *
        FROM employees e2
        WHERE e1.`manager_id` = e2.`employee_id`
        AND e2.last_name = 'De Haan'
        ); 


#18.查询各部门中工资比本部门平均工资高的员工的员工号, 姓名和工资(相关子查询)

#方式1:使用相关子查询
SELECT last_name,salary,department_id
FROM employees e1
WHERE salary > (
        SELECT AVG(salary)
        FROM employees e2
        WHERE department_id = e1.`department_id`
        );

#方式2:在FROM中声明子查询
SELECT e.last_name,e.salary,e.department_id
FROM employees e,(
        SELECT department_id,AVG(salary) avg_sal
        FROM employees
        GROUP BY department_id) t_dept_avg_sal
WHERE e.department_id = t_dept_avg_sal.department_id
AND e.salary > t_dept_avg_sal.avg_sal


#19.查询每个部门下的部门人数大于 5 的部门名称(相关子查询)

SELECT department_name
FROM departments d
WHERE 5 < (
       SELECT COUNT(*)
       FROM employees e
       WHERE d.department_id = e.`department_id`
      );


#20.查询每个国家下的部门个数大于 2 的国家编号(相关子查询)

SELECT * FROM locations;

SELECT country_id
FROM locations l
WHERE 2 < (
       SELECT COUNT(*)
       FROM departments d
       WHERE l.`location_id` = d.`location_id`
     );

/* 
子查询的编写技巧(或步骤):① 从里往外写  ② 从外往里写

如何选择?
① 如果子查询相对较简单,建议从外往里写。一旦子查询结构较复杂,则建议从里往外写
② 如果是相关子查询的话,通常都是从外往里写。

*/

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