Statistics for business and economics 11th 读书笔记 （1-1.5 end）

第一章 Date and Statistics

1.2 Data

度量数据的维度(Scales of Measurement)，主要分为以下几类：nominal scale(字面量的，直接通过属性描述就能识别出价值信息), ordinal scale (the data can be
ranked, or ordered, with respect to the service quality),
interval scale (Interval data are always numeric),  ratio scale.

总结：

nominal 数据间是独立的，无关联性。
ordinal 数据间是具有关联性的。需要进行比较。
interval 在ordinal 基础上进行进一步测量。
ratio scale 在interval 基础上进行进一步测量。

Categorical （分类）and Quantitative（量化） Data

The statistical method appropriate for summarizing data depends upon whether the data are categorical or quantitative.

Categorical data use either the nominal or ordinal scale of measurement.

Quantitative data are obtained using either the interval or ratio scale of measurement.

even when the categorical data are identified by a numerical code, arith