设计模式 - 构造模式 Builder 的三种实现方式

构造器模式用于提供灵活的对象构造方法, 解决 复杂对象的构造问题.
本文总结了平时工作中使用到的三种构造模式的实现. 具体逻辑没什么难的, 直接上代码:

纯代码方式

ENTITY

/**
 * 逻辑表描述符
 *
 * @author: LiKe
 * @date: 2019-07-08 19:10
 */
public final class LogicalTableDescriptor {

    /**
     * 逻辑表名
     */
    private String tableName;

    /**
     * 逻辑列名
     */
    private final List<String> columnNameList = new ArrayList<>();

    public String getTableName() {
        return tableName;
    }

    public void setTableName(String tableName) {
        this.tableName = tableName;
    }

    public List<String> getColumnNameList() {
        return columnNameList;
    }

    public void setColumnName(String columnName) {
        this.columnNameList.add(columnName);
    }
}

BUILDER

/**
 * LogicalTableDescriptor 构建器
 *
 * @author: LiKe
 * @date: 2019-07-08 19:13
 */
public final class LogicalTableDescriptorBuilder {

    /**
     * 被构建的实例的引用
     */
    private final LogicalTableDescriptor descriptor = new LogicalTableDescriptor();

    private LogicalTableDescriptorBuilder() {
    }

    /**
     * Description: 构建一个实例
     *
     * @return cn.speedit.finance_server.descriptor.builder.LogicalTableDescriptorBuilder
     * @author LiKe
     * @date 2019-07-08 19:16:09
     */
    public static LogicalTableDescriptorBuilder of() {
        return new LogicalTableDescriptorBuilder();
    }

    /**
     * Description: 构建逻辑表名
     *
     * @param tableName 逻辑表名
     * @return cn.speedit.finance_server.descriptor.builder.LogicalTableDescriptorBuilder
     * @author LiKe
     * @date 2019-07-08 19:18:56
     */
    public LogicalTableDescriptorBuilder tableName(String tableName) {
        descriptor.setTableName(tableName);
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Description: 构建逻辑列名
     *
     * @param columnName 逻辑列名
     * @return cn.speedit.finance_server.descriptor.builder.LogicalTableDescriptorBuilder
     * @author LiKe
     * @date 2019-07-08 19:19:46
     */
    public LogicalTableDescriptorBuilder columnName(String columnName) {
        descriptor.setColumnName(columnName);
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Description: 执行构建
     *
     * @return cn.speedit.finance_server.descriptor.LogicalTableDescriptor
     * @author LiKe
     * @date 2019-07-08 19:17:50
     */
    public LogicalTableDescriptor build() {
        return descriptor;
    }
}

使用方式

LogicalTableDescriptorBuilder.of()
	.tableName("table-name").columnName("column-name")
	.build()

基于 JAVA 8 Comsumer 实现

这种方式代码更加简洁

ENTITY

@SuppressWarnings("unused")
public class Person {

    private String firstName;
    private String middleName;
    private String lastName;

    public Person(String firstName, String middleName, String lastName) {
        this.firstName = firstName;
        this.middleName = middleName;
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }

    public String getFirstName() {
        return firstName;
    }

    public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
        this.firstName = firstName;
    }

    public String getMiddleName() {
        return middleName;
    }

    public void setMiddleName(String middleName) {
        this.middleName = middleName;
    }

    public String getLastName() {
        return lastName;
    }

    public void setLastName(String lastName) {
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "firstName='" + firstName + '\'' +
                ", middleName='" + middleName + '\'' +
                ", lastName='" + lastName + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

BUILDER

目标实体需要提供一个全参构建函数; Builder 需要持有目标实体的全部属性, 用其自身去构建目标实体.

public class PersonBuilder {

    public String firstName;
    public String middleName;
    public String lastName;

    public static PersonBuilder of() {
        return new PersonBuilder();
    }

    public PersonBuilder with(Consumer<PersonBuilder> builderConsumer) {
        builderConsumer.accept(this);
        return this;
    }

    public Person create() {
        return new Person(firstName, middleName, lastName);
    }

    private PersonBuilder() {}
}

使用方式

Person person = PersonBuilder.of()
                .with(builder -> {
                    builder.firstName = "Li";
                    builder.lastName = "Ke";
                })
                .create();

借助 Lombok 实现

当然少不了 Lombok… 本质是通过 Java source-level annotation processing (javax.annotation.processing.*) 技术新建了一个 Builder… 具体以后写篇文章总结一下.

ENTITY

@Data
@Builder
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class User {

    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String level;

}

使用方式

User.builder().username("LiKe").password("LiKe").build().toString()

总结

个人感觉 JAVA 8 Consumer 的方式和 Lombok 的方式都有其应用场景.
Lombok 不用说, 自然是代码量最小的方式, 但是 JAVA 8 Consumer 的方式可以在构造器中对实体本身做一些自定义的验证或者转换, 更灵活一些.

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