Linux系统安装Mysql

一 安装前准备

1、检查是否已经安装过mysql，执行命令

rpm -qa | grep mysql

如果已存在，则执行删除命令 后边为Mysql目录

rpm -e --nodeps mysql-xxxx

2、查询所有Mysql对应的文件夹

whereis mysql

find / -name mysql

删除相关目录或文件

rm -rf /usr/bin/mysql /usr/include/mysql /data/mysql /data/mysql/mysql

验证是否删除完毕

whereis mysql

find / -name mysql

3、检查mysql用户组和用户是否存在，如果没有，则创建

cat /etc/group | grep mysql

cat /etc/passwd |grep mysql

groupadd mysql

useradd -r -g mysql mysql

4、从官网下载是用于Linux的Mysql安装包

下载命令： wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

也可以直接到mysql官网选择其他版本进行下载。然后再上传到linux系统

二 安装Mysql

1、在执行wget命令的目录下或你的上传目录下找到Mysql安装包：mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

执行解压命令：

tar -xzvf mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

解压完成后，可以看到当前目录下多了一个解压文件，移动该文件到/usr/local/下，并将文件夹名称修改为mysql。

如果/usr/local/下已经存在mysql，请将已存在mysql文件修改为其他名称，否则后续步骤可能无法正确进行。

执行命令如下：

mv mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

2、在/data目录下创建mysql目录用于存放数据库文件

[root@localhost /]# mkdir /data/mysql

3、创建mysql用户

useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin

4、更改mysql相关目录下所有的目录及文件夹所属的用户组和用户，以及权限

chown -R mysql:mysql /data/ /usr/local/mysql

5、配置环境变量

vim  /etc/profile

添加一行        export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH

使环境变量生效        source  /etc/profile

验证环境变量是否配置成功

mysql -V 

 6、初始化

查询依赖环境是否存在        rpm -qa|grep libaio

不存在则安装        yum -y install libaio-devel

初始化        mysql --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql

7、设置配置文件

vim /etc/my.cnf

[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
default-character-set=utf8

[mysql]
prompt="MySQL [\d]> "
no-auto-rehash
default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

# 设置mysql的安装目录
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
# 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录
datadir = /data/mysql
pid-file = /data/mysql/mysql.pid
user = mysql
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
server-id = 1

init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8mb4'
character-set-server = utf8mb4

skip-name-resolve
#skip-networking
back_log = 300

# 允许最大连接数
max_connections = 1211

max_connect_errors = 6000
open_files_limit = 65535
table_open_cache = 128
max_allowed_packet = 500M
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_heap_table_size = 8M
tmp_table_size = 16M

read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
join_buffer_size = 8M
key_buffer_size = 8M

thread_cache_size = 8

query_cache_type = 1
query_cache_size = 8M
query_cache_limit = 2M

ft_min_word_len = 4

log_bin = mysql-bin
binlog_format = mixed
expire_logs_days = 7

log_error = /data/mysql/mysql-error.log
slow_query_log = 1
long_query_time = 1
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/mysql-slow.log

performance_schema = 0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp

# lower_case_table_names = 1

skip-external-locking

default_storage_engine = InnoDB
#default-storage-engine = MyISAM
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_open_files = 500
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 64M
innodb_write_io_threads = 4
innodb_read_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
innodb_purge_threads = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M
innodb_log_file_size = 32M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120

bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1

interactive_timeout = 28800
wait_timeout = 28800

character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 500M

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer = 4M
write_buffer = 4M

 8、启动

准备启动文件        cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

添加到系统服务        chkconfig --add mysqld

设置自启动                chkconfig mysqld on

启动                service mysqld start

9、设置密码

mysql进入mysql

use mysql

update user set authentication_string=pssword('密码') where user='root';

flush privileges;

10、关闭防火墙或者设置端口白名单

systemctl start filewalld

firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp

firewall-cmd --reload

firewall-cmd --list-all

11、设置root允许远程连接

update user set host='%' where user='root' and host='localhost';

flush privileges;