SQL ZOO刷题合集

目录

SELECT from WORLD

SELECT from Nobel 

SELECT within SELECT

SUM and COUNT

The JOIN operation

More JOIN operations

Using Null

Self join

Window functions

---

SELECT from WORLD

1.show the name, continent and population of all countries

SELECT name, continent, population
FROM world;

2.Show the name for the countries that have a population of at least 200 million. 200 million is 200000000, there are eight zeros.

SELECT name
FROM world
WHERE population >= 200000000;

3.Give the name and the per capita GDP for those countries with a population of at least 200 million.

SELECT name, GDP/population as 'per capita GDP'
FROM world
WHERE population >= 200000000;

4.Show the name and population  in millions for the countries of the continent 'South America'. Divide the population by 1000000 to get population in millions.

SELECT name, population/1000000 as 'population in millions'
FROM world
WHERE continent = 'South America';

5.Show the name and population for France, Germany, Italy.

SELECT name, population
FROM world
WHERE name in ('France','Germany','Italy');

6.Show the countries which have a name that includes the word 'United'

SELECT name
FROM world
WHERE name like '%United%';

7.Show the countries that are big by area or big by population. Show name, population and area.

SELECT name, population, area
FROM world
WHERE area > 3000000 OR population > 250000000;

8.Exclusive OR (XOR). Show the countries that are big by area (more than 3 million) or big by population (more than 250 million) but not both. Show name, population and area.

• Australia has a big area but a small population, it should be included.
• Indonesia has a big population but a small area, it should be included.
• China has a big population and big area, it should be excluded.

United Kingdom has a small population and a small area, it should be excluded.

SELECT name, population, area
FROM world
WHERE NOT (area > 3000000 AND population > 250000000) 
AND NOT (area < 3000000 AND population < 250000000);

我用了取反的思路，有点绕。

9.Show the name and population in millions and the GDP in billions for the countries of the continent 'South America'. Use the ROUND function to show the values to two decimal places.

For South America show population in millions and GDP in billions both to 2 decimal places.

SELECT name, ROUND(population/1000000,2), ROUND(GDP/1000000000,2)
FROM world
WHERE continent = 'South America';

ROUND()函数，第二位为规定要返回的小数位，正数小数点右边，负数小数点左侧。

10.Show the name and per-capita GDP for those countries with a GDP of at least one trillion (1000000000000; that is 12 zeros). Round this value to the nearest 1000.

Show per-capita GDP for the trillion dollar countries to the nearest $1000.

SELECT name, ROUND(GDP/population,-3)
FROM world
WHERE GDP >= 1000000000000;

11.Greece has capital Athens.

• Each of the strings 'Greece', and 'Athens' has 6 characters.
• Show the name and capital where the name and the capital have the same number of characters.
• You can use the LENGTH function to find the number of characters in a string

SELECT name,capital
FROM world
WHERE LENGTH(name) = LENGTH(capital);

12.The capital of Sweden is Stockholm. Both words start with the letter 'S'.

Show the name and the capital where the first letters of each match. Don't include countries where the name and the capital are the same word.

• You can use the function LEFT to isolate the first character.

You can use <> as the NOT EQUALS operator.

SELECT name, capital
FROM world
WHERE LEFT(name,1) = LEFT(capital,1) 
AND name <> capital;

13.Equatorial Guinea and Dominican Republic have all of the vowels (a e i o u) in the name. They don't count because they have more than one word in the name.

Find the country that has all the vowels and no spaces in its name.

• You can use the phrase name NOT LIKE '%a%' to exclude characters from your results.
• The query shown misses countries like Bahamas and Belarus because they contain at least one 'a'

SELECT name
FROM world
WHERE name LIKE '%a%' AND name LIKE '%e%' AND name LIKE '%i%' AND name LIKE '%o%'
AND name LIKE '%u%'
AND name NOT LIKE '% %';

SELECT from Nobel 

1.Change the query shown so that it displays Nobel prizes for 1950.

SELECT * FROM nobel 
WHERE yr = '1950';

2.Show who won the 1962 prize for Literature.

SELECT winner FROM nobel
WHERE yr = '1962' AND subject = 'Literature';

3.Show the year and subject that won 'Albert Einstein' his prize.

SELECT yr, subject
FROM nobel
WHERE winner = 'Albert Einstein';

4.Give the name of the 'Peace' winners since the year 2000, including 2000.

SELECT winner
FROM nobel
WHERE yr >= 2000 AND subject = 'Peace';

5.Show all details (yr, subject, winner) of the Literature prize winners for 1980 to 1989 inclusive.

SELECT * FROM nobel
WHERE (yr >= 1980 AND yr <= 1989)
AND subject = 'Literature';

6.Show all details of the presidential winners:

• Theodore Roosevelt
• Woodrow Wilson
• Jimmy Carter
• Barack Obama

SELECT * FROM nobel
WHERE winner 
IN ('Theodore Roosevelt','Woodrow Wilson','Jimmy Carter','Barack Obama');

7.Show the winners with first name John

SELECT winner FROM nobel
WHERE winner LIKE 'John%';

8.Show the year, subject, and name of Physics winners for 1980 together with the Chemistry winners for 1984.

SELECT *
FROM nobel
WHERE (subject = 'Physics' AND yr = 1980)
or (subject = 'Chemistry' AND yr =1984);

9.Show the year, subject, and name of winners for 1980 excluding Chemistry and Medicine

SELECT * FROM nobel
WHERE yr = 1980 
AND NOT subject in ('Chemistry','Medicine');

10.Show year, subject, and name of people who won a 'Medicine' prize in an early year (before 1910, not including 1910) together with winners of a 'Literature' prize in a later year (after 2004, including 2004)

SELECT * FROM nobel
WHERE (subject = 'Medicine' AND yr <1910)
OR (subject = 'Literature' AND yr >= 2004);

11.Find all details of the prize won by PETER GRÜNBERG

SELECT * FROM nobel
WHERE winner LIKE 'PETER GRÜNBERG';

12.Find all details of the prize won by EUGENE O'NEILL

SELECT * FROM nobel
WHERE winner like 'EUGENE O%NEILL';

13.List the winners, year and subject where the winner starts with Sir. Show the the most recent first, then by name order.

SELECT winner, yr, subject
FROM nobel 
WHERE winner LIKE 'Sir%' 
ORDER BY yr DESC, winner;

14.The expression subject IN ('Chemistry','Physics') can be used as a value - it will be 0 or 1.

Show the 1984 winners and subject ordered by subject and winner name; but list Chemistry and Physics last.

SELECT winner, subject
FROM nobel
WHERE yr = 1984
ORDER BY subject in ('Chemistry','Physics'), subject, winner;

如果将Chemistry，Physics放在最前这么写

SELECT winner, subject
FROM nobel
WHERE yr = 1984
ORDER BY subject not in ('Chemistry','Physics'), subject, winner;

SELECT within SELECT

1.List each country name where the population is larger than that of 'Russia'.

SELECT a.name 
FROM world a, world b
WHERE a.population > b.population
AND b.name = 'Russia';

2.Show the countries in Europe with a per capita GDP greater than 'United Kingdom'.

SELECT name
FROM world
WHERE continent = 'Europe'
AND (gdp/population > (SELECT gdp/population 
FROM world where name = 'United Kingdom'));

3.List the name and continent of countries in the continents containing either Argentina or Australia. Order by name of the country.

SELECT name, continent
FROM world
WHERE continent =
(SELECT continent FROM world WHERE name = 'Argentina')
OR continent =
(SELECT continent FROM world WHERE name = 'Australia')
ORDER BY name;

4.Which country has a population that is more than Canada but less than Poland? Show the name and the population.

SELECT name, population
FROM world
WHERE population > (SELECT population FROM world WHERE name = 'Canada')
AND population < (SELECT population FROM world WHERE name = 'Poland');

5.Germany (population 80 million) has the largest population of the countries in Europe. Austria (population 8.5 million) has 11% of the population of Germany.

Show the name and the population of each country in Europe. Show the population as a percentage of the population of Germany.

SELECT name, 
CONCAT(ROUND(100*(population/(SELECT population FROM world 
WHERE name = 'Germany'))),'%')as percentage 
FROM world
WHERE continent = 'Europe';

6.Which countries have a GDP greater than every country in Europe? [Give the name only.] (Some countries may have NULL gdp values)

SELECT name 
FROM world
WHERE GDP > ALL(SELECT GDP FROM world WHERE GDP >0 AND continent = 'Europe');

ALL是用于子查询的运算符，要大于子查询中的所有结果

ANY是用于子查询的运算符，要大于子查询中的任意结果

7.Find the largest country (by area) in each continent, show the continent, the name and the area:

SELECT continent, name, area FROM world a
WHERE area >= ALL(SELECT area FROM world b
WHERE a.continent = b.continent
AND area> 0);

8.List each continent and the name of the country that comes first alphabetically.

SELECT continent, name
FROM world a 
WHERE name = (SELECT name FROM world b 
WHERE a.continent = b.continent 
ORDER BY name
LIMIT 1);

9.Find the continents where all countries have a population <= 25000000. Then find the names of the countries associated with these continents. Show name, continent and population.

SELECT name, continent,population FROM world a
WHERE 25000000 >= ALL(SELECT population FROM world b WHERE population > 0 
AND a.continent = b.continent);

10.Some countries have populations more than three times that of all of their neighbours (in the same continent). Give the countries and continents.

SELECT a.name, a.continent
FROM world a
WHERE a.population > ALL(SELECT 3*population FROM world b 
WHERE a.continent = b.continent 
AND a.name <> b.name);

SUM and COUNT

1.Show the total population of the world.

SELECT SUM(population) FROM world;

2.List all the continents - just once each.

SELECT DISTINCT(continent) FROM world;

3.Give the total GDP of Africa

SELECT SUM(GDP) FROM world
WHERE continent = 'Africa';

4.How many countries have an area of at least 1000000

SELECT COUNT(name)
FROM world 
WHERE area >= 1000000;

5.What is the total population of ('Estonia', 'Latvia', 'Lithuania')

SELECT SUM(population)
FROM world
WHERE name IN ('Estonia','Latvia','Lithuania');

6.For each continent show the continent and number of countries.

SELECT continent, COUNT(name)
FROM world
GROUP BY continent;

7.For each continent show the continent and number of countries with populations of at least 10 million.

SELECT continent, COUNT(name)
FROM world
WHERE population >= 10000000
GROUP BY continent;

8.List the continents that have a total population of at least 100 million.

SELECT continent
FROM world
GROUP BY continent
having SUM(population) >= 100000000;

聚合函数做条件一定要用having，having必须跟在group by之后

The JOIN operation

1.Modify it to show the matchid and player name for all goals scored by Germany. To identify German players, check for: teamid = 'GER'

SELECT matchid, player
FROM goal
WHERE teamid = 'GER';

2.From the previous query you can see that Lars Bender's scored a goal in game 1012. Now we want to know what teams were playing in that match.

Notice in the that the column matchid in the goal table corresponds to the id column in the game table. We can look up information about game 1012 by finding that row in the game table.

Show id, stadium, team1, team2 for just game 1012

SELECT id, stadium, team1, team2 
FROM game 
WHERE id = 1012;

3.Modify it to show the player, teamid, stadium and mdate for every German goal.

SELECT player, teamid, stadium, mdate
FROM goal JOIN game ON (id=matchid) WHERE teamid = 'GER';

4.Show the team1, team2 and player for every goal scored by a player called Mario player LIKE 'Mario%'

SELECT team1, team2, player
FROM game JOIN goal ON (id=matchid)
WHERE player LIKE 'Mario%';

5.Show player, teamid, coach, gtime for all goals scored in the first 10 minutes gtime<=10

SELECT player, teamid, coach, gtime
FROM goal JOIN eteam ON teamid = id
WHERE gtime<=10;

6.List the dates of the matches and the name of the team in which 'Fernando Santos' was the team1 coach.

SELECT mdate, teamname
From game JOIN eteam ON team1=eteam.id
WHERE coach = 'Fernando Santos';

7.List the player for every goal scored in a game where the stadium was 'National Stadium, Warsaw'

SELECT player FROM goal
JOIN game on id = matchid
WHERE stadium = 'National Stadium, Warsaw';

8.The example query shows all goals scored in the Germany-Greece quarterfinal.

Instead show the name of all players who scored a goal against Germany.

SELECT distinct(player) FROM goal 
JOIN game ON id = matchid
WHERE (teamid = team1 AND team2 = 'GER')
OR (teamid = team2 AND team1 = 'GER');

9.Show teamname and the total number of goals scored.

SELECT teamname, COUNT(matchid)
FROM eteam JOIN goal ON teamid = id
GROUP BY teamname;

10.Show the stadium and the number of goals scored in each stadium.

SELECT stadium, COUNT(matchid)
FROM game JOIN goal ON id = matchid
GROUP BY stadium;

11.For every match involving 'POL', show the matchid, date and the number of goals scored.

SELECT matchid, mdate, COUNT(matchid)
FROM game JOIN goal ON id = matchid
WHERE (team1 = 'POL' OR team2 = 'POL')
GROUP BY matchid, mdate; 

12.For every match where 'GER' scored, show matchid, match date and the number of goals scored by 'GER'

SELECT matchid, mdate, COUNT(matchid)
FROM game JOIN goal ON id = matchid
WHERE (teamid = 'GER')
GROUP BY matchid, mdate;

13.

List every match with the goals scored by each team as shown. This will use "CASE WHEN" which has not been explained in any previous exercises.

mdate	team1	score1	team2	score2
1 July 2012	ESP	4	ITA	0
10 June 2012	ESP	1	ITA	1
10 June 2012	IRL	1	CRO	3
...

Notice in the query given every goal is listed. If it was a team1 goal then a 1 appears in score1, otherwise there is a 0. You could SUM this column to get a count of the goals scored by team1. Sort your result by mdate, matchid, team1 and team2.

SELECT mdate,
team1,SUM(CASE WHEN teamid=team1 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) score1,   
team2,SUM(CASE WHEN teamid=team2 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) score2   
FROM game LEFT JOIN goal ON matchid = id 
group by mdate, matchid, team1,team2

不是每场比赛都有进球，所以要用LEFT JOIN全匹配game

More JOIN operations

1.List the films where the yr is 1962 [Show id, title]

SELECT id, title
 FROM movie
 WHERE yr=1962

2.Give year of 'Citizen Kane'.

SELECT yr
FROM movie
WHERE title = 'Citizen Kane';

3.List all of the Star Trek movies, include the id, title and yr (all of these movies include the words Star Trek in the title). Order results by year.

SELECT id, title, yr
FROM movie
WHERE title LIKE '%Star Trek%' 
ORDER BY yr;

4.What id number does the actor 'Glenn Close' have?

SELECT id
FROM actor
WHERE name = 'Glenn Close';

5.What is the id of the film 'Casablanca'

SELECT id FROM movie
WHERE title = 'Casablanca';

6.Obtain the cast list for 'Casablanca'.

what is a cast list?

The cast list is the names of the actors who were in the movie.

Use movieid=11768, (or whatever value you got from the previous question)

SELECT name FROM actor
JOIN casting ON id = actorid
WHERE movieid = 11768;

7.Obtain the cast list for the film 'Alien'

SELECT name FROM actor
JOIN casting ON actor.id = actorid
WHERE movieid = (SELECT movie.id FROM movie
WHERE title = 'Alien');

8.List the films in which 'Harrison Ford' has appeared

SELECT title FROM movie
JOIN casting ON movie.id = movieid
WHERE actorid = (SELECT actor.id FROM actor
WHERE name = 'Harrison Ford');

9.List the films where 'Harrison Ford' has appeared - but not in the starring role. [Note: the ord field of casting gives the position of the actor. If ord=1 then this actor is in the starring role]

SELECT title FROM movie 
JOIN casting ON movie.id = movieid
WHERE actorid = (SELECT actor.id FROM actor 
WHERE name =  'Harrison Ford' )
AND ord <> 1;

10.List the films together with the leading star for all 1962 films.

SELECT a.title, b.name
FROM casting c
INNER JOIN movie a ON a.id = c.movieid
INNER JOIN actor b ON b.id = c.actorid
WHERE a.yr = 1962 AND c.ord = 1;

11.Which were the busiest years for 'Rock Hudson', show the year and the number of movies he made each year for any year in which he made more than 2 movies.

SElECT a.yr, COUNT(title) 
FROM casting c
INNER JOIN movie a ON a.id = c.movieid
INNER JOIN actor b ON b.id = c.actorid
WHERE b.name =  'Rock Hudson' 
GROUP BY a.yr HAVING COUNT(title)>2;

12.List the film title and the leading actor for all of the films 'Julie Andrews' played in.

SELECT title, name FROM casting
INNER JOIN movie a ON a.id = movieid
INNER JOIN actor b ON b.id = actorid
WHERE (a.id IN (SELECT movieid FROM casting WHERE actorid IN
(SELECT id FROM actor WHERE name = 'Julie Andrews')
))
AND ord = 1;

13.Obtain a list, in alphabetical order, of actors who've had at least 15 starring roles.

SELECT name FROM casting c
INNER JOIN movie a ON a.id = movieid
INNER JOIN actor b ON b.id = actorid
WHERE ord = 1
GROUP BY name 
HAVING COUNT(title) >= 15;

14.List the films released in the year 1978 ordered by the number of actors in the cast, then by title.

SELECT title, COUNT(actorid) FROM casting
INNER JOIN movie a ON a.id = movieid
INNER JOIN actor b ON b.id = actorid
WHERE yr = 1978
GROUP BY title
ORDER BY COUNT(actorid) DESC,title;

15.List all the people who have worked with 'Art Garfunkel'.

SELECT name FROM casting 
INNER JOIN movie a ON a.id = movieid
INNER JOIN actor b ON b.id = actorid
WHERE name <> 'Art Garfunkel'
AND a.id IN (SELECT movieid FROM casting 
WHERE actorid = (SELECT id FROM actor WHERE name = 'Art Garfunkel'));

Using Null

1.List the teachers who have NULL for their department.

SELECT name FROM teacher
WHERE dept IS NULL;

2.Note the INNER JOIN misses the teachers with no department and the departments with no teacher.

SELECT teacher.name, dept.name
 FROM teacher INNER JOIN dept
           ON (teacher.dept=dept.id)

3.Use a different JOIN so that all teachers are listed.

SELECT teacher.name, dept.name
FROM teacher LEFT JOIN dept ON (teacher.dept = dept.id);

4.Use a different JOIN so that all departments are listed.

SELECT teacher.name, dept.name
FROM teacher RIGHT JOIN dept ON (teacher.dept = dept.id);

5.Use COALESCE to print the mobile number. Use the number '07986 444 2266' if there is no number given. Show teacher name and mobile number or '07986 444 2266'

SELECT name, COALESCE(mobile,'07986 444 2266') FROM teacher;

6.Use the COALESCE function and a LEFT JOIN to print the teacher name and department name. Use the string 'None' where there is no department.

SELECT teacher.name, COALESCE(dept.name,'None')
FROM teacher LEFT JOIN dept ON (teacher.dept = dept.id);

7.Use COUNT to show the number of teachers and the number of mobile phones.

SELECT COUNT(name),COUNT(mobile)
FROM teacher;

8.Use COUNT and GROUP BY dept.name to show each department and the number of staff. Use a RIGHT JOIN to ensure that the Engineering department is listed.

SELECT dept.name, COUNT(teacher.name) FROM teacher
RIGHT JOIN dept ON (teacher.dept = dept.id)
GROUP BY dept.name;

9.Use CASE to show the name of each teacher followed by 'Sci' if the teacher is in dept 1 or 2 and 'Art' otherwise.

SELECT name, 
(CASE WHEN teacher.dept in (1,2) THEN 'Sci' ELSE 'Art' END) AS dept
FROM teacher;

10.Use CASE to show the name of each teacher followed by 'Sci' if the teacher is in dept 1 or 2, show 'Art' if the teacher's dept is 3 and 'None' otherwise.

SELECT name, (CASE WHEN teacher.dept IN (1,2) THEN 'Sci'
WHEN teacher.dept = 3 THEN 'Art'
ELSE 'None' END) FROM teacher;

Self join

1.How many stops are in the database.

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM stops;

2.Find the id value for the stop 'Craiglockhart'

SELECT id FROM stops WHERE name = 'Craiglockhart';

3.Give the id and the name for the stops on the '4' 'LRT' service.

select id,name from stops 
join route on route.stop=stops.id
where num=4 and company='LRT';

顺序不太一样

4.The query shown gives the number of routes that visit either London Road (149) or Craiglockhart (53). Run the query and notice the two services that link these stops have a count of 2. Add a HAVING clause to restrict the output to these two routes.

SELECT company, num, COUNT(*)
FROM route WHERE stop=149 OR stop=53
GROUP BY company, num
HAVING COUNT(*) = 2;

5.Execute the self join shown and observe that b.stop gives all the places you can get to from Craiglockhart, without changing routes. Change the query so that it shows the services from Craiglockhart to London Road.

SELECT a.company, a.num, a.stop, b.stop
FROM route a JOIN route b ON
  (a.company=b.company AND a.num=b.num)
WHERE a.stop=53 AND b.stop = 149;

6.The query shown is similar to the previous one, however by joining two copies of the stops table we can refer to stops by name rather than by number. Change the query so that the services between 'Craiglockhart' and 'London Road' are shown. If you are tired of these places try 'Fairmilehead' against 'Tollcross'

SELECT a.company, a.num, stopa.name, stopb.name FROM route a
JOIN route b ON (a.num = b.num AND a.company = b.company)
JOIN stops stopa ON (a.stop = stopa.id)
JOIN stops stopb ON (b.stop = stopb.id)
WHERE stopa.name = 'Craiglockhart' AND stopb.name =  'London Road';

7.Give a list of all the services which connect stops 115 and 137 ('Haymarket' and 'Leith')

SELECT DISTINCT a.company, a.num FROM route a
JOIN route b ON (a.num = b.num AND a.company = b.company)
WHERE a.stop = 115 AND b.stop = 137;

8.Give a list of the services which connect the stops 'Craiglockhart' and 'Tollcross'

SELECT DISTINCT a.company, a.num FROM route a 
INNER JOIN route b ON (a.num = b.num AND a.company = b.company)
INNER JOIN stops stopa ON (a.stop = stopa.id)
INNER JOIN stops stopb ON (b.stop = stopb.id)
WHERE stopa.name = 'Craiglockhart' AND stopb.name = 'Tollcross'; 

9.Give a distinct list of the stops which may be reached from 'Craiglockhart' by taking one bus, including 'Craiglockhart' itself, offered by the LRT company. Include the company and bus no. of the relevant services.

SELECT DISTINCT stops.name,a.company,a.num
FROM route AS a JOIN route AS b ON 
(a.company = b.company AND a.num = b.num)
LEFT JOIN stops ON stops.id = a.stop 
WHERE a.company = 'LRT' AND (a.stop = 53 OR b.stop = 53)
ORDER BY a.num;

Find the routes involving two buses that can go from Craiglockhart to Lochend.
Show the bus no. and company for the first bus, the name of the stop for the transfer,
and the bus no. and company for the second bus.

Hint

Self-join twice to find buses that visit Craiglockhart and Lochend, then join those on matching stops.

SELECT temp1.num, temp1.company, temp1.transfer, temp2.num, temp2.company
FROM
(SELECT a.num, a.company, stopa.name AS start, stopb.name AS transfer
FROM route a 
INNER JOIN route b ON (a.num = b.num AND a.company = b.company)
INNER JOIN stops stopa ON (stopa.id = a.stop)
INNER JOIN stops stopb ON (stopb.id = b.stop)
WHERE stopa.name = 'Craiglockhart ') AS temp1
INNER JOIN
(SELECT a.num, a.company, stopa.name AS end, stopb.name AS transfer 
FROM route a 
INNER JOIN route b ON (a.num = b.num AND a.company = b.company)
INNER JOIN stops stopa ON (stopa.id = a.stop)
INNER JOIN stops stopb ON (stopb.id = b.stop)
WHERE stopa.name = 'Lochend ' ) AS temp2
ON temp1.transfer = temp2.transfer
ORDER BY temp1.num;

结果顺序和官方答案不太一样，我的方法比较蠢，没想到更好的方法= =。

Window functions

1.Show the lastName, party and votes for the constituency 'S14000024' in 2017.

SELECT lastName, party, votes
  FROM ge
 WHERE constituency = 'E14000539' AND yr = 2017
ORDER BY votes DESC

2.You can use the RANK function to see the order of the candidates. If you RANK using (ORDER BY votes DESC) then the candidate with the most votes has rank 1.

Show the party and RANK for constituency S14000024 in 2017. List the output by party

SELECT party,votes, RANK() OVER (ORDER BY votes DESC) as posn
FROM ge
WHERE constituency = 'S14000024' AND yr = 2017
ORDER BY party;

3.The 2015 election is a different PARTITION to the 2017 election. We only care about the order of votes for each year.

Use PARTITION to show the ranking of each party in S14000021 in each year. Include yr, party, votes and ranking (the party with the most votes is 1).

SELECT yr, party, votes, RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY yr ORDER BY votes DESC) posn
FROM ge
WHERE constituency = 'S14000021'
ORDER BY party,yr;

4.Edinburgh constituencies are numbered S14000021 to S14000026.

Use PARTITION BY constituency to show the ranking of each party in Edinburgh in 2017. Order your results so the winners are shown first, then ordered by constituency.

SELECT constituency, party, votes, RANK() OVER(
PARTITION BY constituency ORDER BY votes DESC) posn
FROM ge
WHERE constituency BETWEEN 'S14000021' AND 'S14000026'
AND yr = 2017
ORDER BY posn, constituency;

5.You can use SELECT within SELECT to pick out only the winners in Edinburgh.

Show the parties that won for each Edinburgh constituency in 2017.

SELECT constituency, party FROM(
SELECT constituency, party, votes, RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY constituency ORDER BY votes DESC) AS posn FROM ge 
WHERE constituency BETWEEN 'S14000021' AND 'S14000026'
AND yr = 2017) AS temp1
WHERE temp1.posn = 1

6.You can use COUNT and GROUP BY to see how each party did in Scotland. Scottish constituencies start with 'S'

Show how many seats for each party in Scotland in 2017.

SELECT party, COUNT(*) FROM (
SELECT constituency, party, votes, RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY constituency ORDER BY 
votes DESC) porn FROM ge
WHERE constituency LIKE 'S%' AND yr = 2017) as temp1
WHERE temp1.porn = 1
GROUP BY party;