- 为了执行fragment的增加或者移除操作,必须通过 FragmentManager 创建一个FragmentTransaction对象, FragmentTransaction提供了用来增加、移除、替换以及其它一些操作的APIs。
- 如果我们的activity允许fragment移除或者替换,我们应该在activity的onCreate()方法中添加初始化fragment(s).
- 运用fragment(尤其是那些在运行时添加的)的一个很重要的规则就是在布局中必须有一个容器View,fragment的layout将会放在这个view里面
为了替换fragment,这个Activity的布局包含了一个空的 FrameLayout作为fragment的容器。
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/fragment_container"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" />在activity中,用Support Library APIs调用 getSupportFragmentManager()方法获取FragmentManager 对象,然后调用 beginTransaction() 方法创建一个FragmentTransaction对象,然后调用add()方法添加一个fragment.
- 可以使用同一个 FragmentTransaction进行多次fragment事务。完成这些变化操作,准备开始执行改变时,必须调用commit()方法。
ublic class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity {
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.news_articles);
// Check that the activity is using the layout version with
// the fragment_container FrameLayout
if (findViewById(R.id.fragment_container) != null) {
// However, if we're being restored from a previous state,
// then we don't need to do anything and should return or else
// we could end up with overlapping fragments.
if (savedInstanceState != null) {
return;
}
// Create a new Fragment to be placed in the activity layout
HeadlinesFragment firstFragment = new HeadlinesFragment();
// In case this activity was started with special instructions from an
// Intent, pass the Intent's extras to the fragment as arguments
firstFragment.setArguments(getIntent().getExtras());
// Add the fragment to the 'fragment_container' FrameLayout
getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
.add(R.id.fragment_container, firstFragment).commit();
}
}
}
- 替换fragment的过程类似于添加过程,只需要将add()方法替换为 replace()方法
- 记住在执行fragment事务时,如移除或者替换,我们经常要适当地让用户可以向后导航与”撤销”这次改变。为了让用户向后导航fragment事务,我们必须在FragmentTransaction提交前调用addToBackStack()方法
ArticleFragment newFragment = new ArticleFragment();
Bundle args = new Bundle();
args.putInt(ArticleFragment.ARG_POSITION, position);
newFragment.setArguments(args);
FragmentTransaction transaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
// Replace whatever is in the fragment_container view with this fragment,
// and add the transaction to the back stack so the user can navigate back
transaction.replace(R.id.fragment_container, newFragment);
transaction.addToBackStack(null);
// Commit the transaction
transaction.commit();
ps:当通过XML布局文件的方式将Fragment添加进activity时,Fragment是不能被动态移除的。如果想要在用户交互的时候把fragment切入与切出,必须在activity启动后,再将fragment添加进activity。