First Missing Integer

Given an unsorted integer array, find the first missing positive integer.

For example,
Given [1,2,0] return 3,
and [3,4,-1,1] return 2.

Your algorithm should run in O(n) time and uses constant space.

11/1

近brutal-force

public class Solution {
    public int firstMissingPositive(int[] A) {
        // strategy: let A[i] store i+1, thus return the first i s.t. A[i] != i+1
        int len = A.length;
        boolean[] shown = new boolean[len+1];
        
        for(int a:A){
            if(a <= len && a>= 0){
                if(!shown[a]){
                    shown[a] = true;
                }
            }
        }
        
        for(int i=1; i<=len; i++){
            if(!shown[i])   return i;
        }
        
        return len+1;
    }
    
}

比较tricky的一种解法， 特别小心err2处的错误

public class Solution {
    public int firstMissingPositive(int[] A) {
        // strategy: let A[i] store i+1, thus return the first i s.t. A[i] != i+1
        int len = A.length;
        for(int i=0; i<len; i++){
            while(A[i] != i+1 && A[i] <= len && A[i] > 0 && A[i] != A[A[i]-1]){ // err1: A[i] > 0
                // swap A[i] with A[A[i]-1]
                int tmp = A[i];
                A[i] = A[A[i]-1];
                A[tmp-1] = tmp; // err2: very careful, A[i] has changed above, so use tmp in both place!
            }
        }
        
        for(int i=0; i<len; i++){
            if(A[i] != i+1){
                return i+1;
            }
        }
        
        return len+1;
    }
    
}

classic solution:

O(1) space and O(n) for time.