C++ socket编程(2)

前面文章，介绍了一个简单socket通讯Demo， 客户端和服务器进行简单的交互。两个代码都很简单，如果情况一复杂，就会出错。这节我们把代码完善一下，实现一个客户端输入，发送，服务器echo的交互。本文介绍服务器端代码修改。

前面代码很多函数都有返回值，我们都没有检查，完善代码，添加检查。

    servSock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
    if (servSock == INVALID_SOCKET)
    {
        std::cout << "socket error." << std::endl;
        return;
    }

socket如果出错，Linux返回-1，Windows的SOCKET是unsigned，返回INVALID_SOCKET(~0).

    int ret = bind(servSock, (SOCKADDR*)&sockAddr, sizeof(SOCKADDR));
    if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR)
    {
        std::cout << "bind error." << std::endl;
        return;
    }

bind如果出错，返回SOCKET_ERROR(-1). 通常是端口占用，权限，地址错误等问题。

    ret = listen(servSock, 1);
    if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR)
    {
        std::cout << "listen error." << std::endl;
        return;
    }

listen如果出错，返回-1，第二个参数是backlog，可排队个数，客户端connect，可以放到这个队列里，等待服务器accept。

        clntSock = accept(servSock, (SOCKADDR*)&clntAddr, &nSize);
        if (clntSock == INVALID_SOCKET)
        {
            std::cout << "accept error." << std::endl;
            return;
        }

accept如果出错，Windows返回INVALID_SOCKET，Linux返回-1.

        ret = send(clntSock, str, strlen(str) + sizeof(char), NULL);
        if (ret != strlen(str) + sizeof(char))
        {
            std::cout << "send error." << std::endl;
        }

send正常返回发送的字节数，如果不相等，我们这里简单打印了一下。实际工作中可以做一些重发等处理。

            memset(szBuffer, 0, MAXBYTE);
            ret = recv(clntSock, szBuffer, MAXBYTE, NULL);
            if (ret == 0)
            {
                std::cout << "recv == 0." << std::endl;
                closesocket(clntSock);
                clntSock = INVALID_SOCKET;
                break;
            }
            else
            {
                std::cout << szBuffer << std::endl;
                ret = send(clntSock, szBuffer, strlen(szBuffer) + sizeof(char), NULL);
                if (ret != strlen(szBuffer) + sizeof(char))
                {
                    std::cout << "send error." << std::endl;
                }
            }

recv返回的是接收的字节数。如果socket被close了，recv会返回0，我们需要关闭我们这边的socket。

server这边需要不停接收，发送，实现echo。所以需要一个while循环。当客户端断开后，还需要继续accept等待客户端，外面还需要一个循环。

最后形成如下代码：

    while (1)
    {        
        clntSock = accept(servSock, (SOCKADDR*)&clntAddr, &nSize);
        const char* str = "connected.";
        send(clntSock, str, strlen(str) + sizeof(char), NULL);
        while (1)
        {
            memset(szBuffer, 0, MAXBYTE);
            ret = recv(clntSock, szBuffer, MAXBYTE, NULL);
            if (ret == 0)
            {
                std::cout << "recv == 0." << std::endl;
                closesocket(clntSock);
                clntSock = INVALID_SOCKET;
                break;
            }
            else
            {
                std::cout << szBuffer << std::endl;
                ret = send(clntSock, szBuffer, strlen(szBuffer) + sizeof(char), NULL);
                if (ret != strlen(szBuffer) + sizeof(char))
                {
                    std::cout << "send error." << std::endl;
                }
            }
        }
    }

最后整个Server端代码如下：

#include <iostream>
#include <WinSock2.h>
#include <WS2tcpip.h>

#pragma comment (lib, "ws2_32.lib")

#define SOCKET_ADDR "127.0.0.1"
#define SOCKET_PORT 1234

void runSocketServer()
{
    SOCKET servSock = INVALID_SOCKET;
    SOCKET clntSock = INVALID_SOCKET;

    servSock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
    if (servSock == INVALID_SOCKET)
    {
        std::cout << "socket error." << std::endl;
        return;
    }

    struct sockaddr_in sockAddr;
    memset(&sockAddr, 0, sizeof(sockAddr));
    sockAddr.sin_family = PF_INET;
    inet_pton(AF_INET, SOCKET_ADDR, &sockAddr.sin_addr.s_addr);
    sockAddr.sin_port = htons(SOCKET_PORT);
    int ret = bind(servSock, (SOCKADDR*)&sockAddr, sizeof(SOCKADDR));
    if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR)
    {
        std::cout << "bind error." << std::endl;
        return;
    }

    ret = listen(servSock, 1);
    if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR)
    {
        std::cout << "listen error." << std::endl;
        return;
    }

    char szBuffer[MAXBYTE] = { 0 };
    while (1)
    {
        SOCKADDR clntAddr;
        int nSize = sizeof(SOCKADDR);
        clntSock = accept(servSock, (SOCKADDR*)&clntAddr, &nSize);
        if (clntSock == INVALID_SOCKET)
        {
            std::cout << "accept error." << std::endl;
            return;
        }

        const char* str = "connected.";
        ret = send(clntSock, str, strlen(str) + sizeof(char), NULL);
        if (ret != strlen(str) + sizeof(char))
        {
            std::cout << "send error." << std::endl;
        }

        while (1)
        {
            memset(szBuffer, 0, MAXBYTE);
            ret = recv(clntSock, szBuffer, MAXBYTE, NULL);
            if (ret == 0)
            {
                std::cout << "recv == 0." << std::endl;
                closesocket(clntSock);
                clntSock = INVALID_SOCKET;
                break;
            }
            else
            {
                std::cout << szBuffer << std::endl;
                ret = send(clntSock, szBuffer, strlen(szBuffer) + sizeof(char), NULL);
                if (ret != strlen(szBuffer) + sizeof(char))
                {
                    std::cout << "send error." << std::endl;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (clntSock != INVALID_SOCKET)
    {
        closesocket(clntSock);
        clntSock = INVALID_SOCKET;
    }
    if (servSock != INVALID_SOCKET)
    {
        closesocket(servSock);
        servSock = INVALID_SOCKET;
    }
}


int main()
{
    WSADATA wsaData;
    WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);

    runSocketServer();

    WSACleanup();

    return 0;
}