Prim 算法与 Dijkstra 算法

Prim算法

        图论中的一种算法，可在加权连通图里搜索最小生成树。意即由此算法搜索到的边子集所构成的树中，不但包括了连通图里的所有顶点（英语：Vertex (graph theory)），且其所有边的权值之和亦为最小

Dijkstra 算法

        是从一个顶点到其余各顶点的最短路径算法，解决的是有权图中最短路径问题。迪杰斯特拉算法主要特点是从起始点开始，采用贪心算法，每次遍历到始点距离最近且未访问过的顶点的邻接节点，直到扩展到终点为止

代码如下：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define MAX_DISTANCE 10000
 
//定义图结构
typedef struct Net {
	int** weights;
	int numNOdes;
}*NetPtr;
 
//初始化图 
NetPtr initNet(int paraSize, int** paraData) {
	int i, j;
	NetPtr resultPtr = new struct Net;
	resultPtr->numNOdes = paraSize;   //节点数
	resultPtr->weights = new int*[paraSize];
	for (i = 0; i < paraSize; i++) {
		resultPtr->weights[i] = new int [paraSize];
		for (j = 0; j < paraSize; j++) {
			resultPtr->weights[i][j] = paraData[i][j];
		}
	}
 
	return resultPtr;
}
 
//Prim和Dijkstra算法
int dijkstraOrPrim(NetPtr paraPtr, int paraAlgorithm) {
	int i, j, minDistance, tempBestNode;
	int resultCost=-1;
	int source = 0;
	int numNodes = paraPtr->numNOdes;
	int* distanceArray = new int[numNodes];
	int* parentArray = new int[numNodes];
	int* visiteArray = new int[numNodes];
 
	//step.1 Initialize:Any node can be the source
	for (i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) {
		distanceArray[i] = paraPtr->weights[source][i];
		parentArray[i] = source;
		visiteArray[i] = 0;//初始化为0，代表都未进行访问
	}
 
	distanceArray[source] = 0;
	parentArray[source] = -1;
	visiteArray[source] = 1;
 
	//step2.Main loops
	tempBestNode = -1;
	for (i = 0; i < numNodes - 1; i++) {
		//step2.1 Find out the best next node
		minDistance = MAX_DISTANCE;
		for (j = 0; j < numNodes; j++) {
			//This node is visited
			if (visiteArray[j]) {
				continue;
			}
 
			if (minDistance > distanceArray[j]) {
				minDistance = distanceArray[j];
				tempBestNode = j;//不断循环找出到源点权值最小的节点
			}
		}
		visiteArray[tempBestNode] = 1;
 
		//step2.2 Prepare for the next round
		for (j = 0; j < numNodes; j++) {
			//This node is visited
			if (visiteArray[j]) {
				continue;
			}//如果是已经访问过的节点就不管
 
			//This node cannot be reached
			//以找到的节点为新源点
			if (paraPtr->weights[tempBestNode][j] >= MAX_DISTANCE) {
				continue;
			}
			if (paraAlgorithm == 0) {
				if (distanceArray[j] > distanceArray[tempBestNode] + paraPtr->weights[tempBestNode][j]){
					distanceArray[j] = distanceArray[tempBestNode] + paraPtr->weights[tempBestNode][j];
					parentArray[j] = tempBestNode;
			//Dijkstra算法
			}
		}
			else {
				if (distanceArray[j] > paraPtr->weights[tempBestNode][j]) {
				//change the distance
					distanceArray[j] = paraPtr->weights[tempBestNode][j];
					//change the parent
					parentArray[j] = tempBestNode;
				}
			}
			//Prim算法
	}
}
	printf("the parent of each node: ");
	for (i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) {
		printf("%d ", parentArray[i]);
	}
	if (paraAlgorithm == 0) {
		printf("From node 0,path length to all nodes are: ");
		for (i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) {
			printf("%d (%d), ", i, distanceArray[i]);
 
		}
	}
	else {
		resultCost = 0;
		for (i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) {
			resultCost += distanceArray[i];
			printf("cost of node %d is %d,total = %d\r\n", i, distanceArray[i], resultCost);
 
		}
		printf("Finally, the total cost is %d.\r\n", resultCost);
	}
 
	//Output for debug
	printf("\r\n");
 
	return resultCost;
	}
 
//创建一个简单的图
NetPtr constructSampleNet() {
	int i, j;
	int myGraph[6][6] = {
		{0,6,1,5,0,0},
		{6,0,5,0,3,0},
		{1,5,0,5,6,4},
		{5,0,5,0,0,2},
		{0,3,6,0,0,6},
		{0,0,4,2,6,0} };
	int** tempPtr;
	int numNodes = 6;
	printf("Preparing data\r\n");
 
	tempPtr = new int* [numNodes];
	for (i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) {
		tempPtr[i] = new int[numNodes];
	}
 
	for (i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) {
		for (j = 0; j < numNodes; j++) {
			if (myGraph[i][j] == 0) {
				tempPtr[i][j] = MAX_DISTANCE;//0代表距离无穷大
			}
			else {
				tempPtr[i][j] = myGraph[i][j];
			}
		}
	}
 
	printf("Data ready\r\n");
	NetPtr resultNetPtr = initNet(numNodes, tempPtr);
	return resultNetPtr;
 
}
 
//测试算法
void testPrim() {
	NetPtr tempNetPtr = constructSampleNet();
	printf("========Dijkstra algorithm========\r\n");
	dijkstraOrPrim(tempNetPtr, 0);
	printf("========Prim algorithm========\r\n");
	dijkstraOrPrim(tempNetPtr, 1);
}
 
int main() {
	testPrim();
	return 1;
}

运行结果：