类的浅拷贝与深拷贝

类的浅拷贝与深拷贝

变量的赋值操作

只是形成两个变量，实际上还是指向同一个对象

class CPU:
    pass


class Disk:
    pass


class Computer:
    def __init__(self, cpu, disk):
        self.cpu = cpu
        self.disk = disk


# 变量的赋值
cpu1 = CPU()
cpu2 = cpu1
print(cpu1, id(cpu1))
print(cpu2, id(cpu2))
---------------------------------------------------------
<__main__.CPU object at 0x000001F538E33FD0> 2152733032400
<__main__.CPU object at 0x000001F538E33FD0> 2152733032400

图解：

浅拷贝

Python拷贝一般都是浅拷贝，拷贝时对象包含的子对象内容不拷贝，因此，源对象与拷贝对象会引用同一个对象

class CPU:
    pass


class Disk:
    pass


class Computer:
    def __init__(self, cpu, disk):
        self.cpu = cpu
        self.disk = disk


# 类的拷贝
disk = Disk()
computer = Computer(cpu1, disk)

# 浅拷贝
import copy

computer2 = copy.copy(computer)
print(computer, computer.cpu, computer.disk)
print(computer2, computer2.cpu, computer2.disk)
----------------------------------------------------------------
<__main__.Computer object at 0x0000024E3EEE3E80> <__main__.CPU object at 0x0000024E3EEE3FD0> <__main__.Disk object at 0x0000024E3EEE3EB0>
<__main__.Computer object at 0x0000024E3EEE3D90> <__main__.CPU object at 0x0000024E3EEE3FD0> <__main__.Disk object at 0x0000024E3EEE3EB0>  # 即只拷贝了Computer实例对象

深拷贝

使用copy模块的deepcopy函数，递归拷贝对象中包含的子对象，源对象和拷贝对象所有的子对象也不相同

class CPU:
    pass


class Disk:
    pass


class Computer:
    def __init__(self, cpu, disk):
        self.cpu = cpu
        self.disk = disk


computer3 = copy.deepcopy(computer)
print(computer, computer.cpu, computer.disk)
print(computer3, computer3.cpu, computer3.disk)
-------------------------------------------------------------------
<__main__.Computer object at 0x0000024E3EEE3E80> <__main__.CPU object at 0x0000024E3EEE3FD0> <__main__.Disk object at 0x0000024E3EEE3EB0>
<__main__.Computer object at 0x0000024E3EEE3940> <__main__.CPU object at 0x0000024E3EF18400> <__main__.Disk object at 0x0000024E3EF18340>  # 不仅要拷Computer的实例对象，还要拷贝Disk、CPU的实例对象