spring-配置详解

1. Bean元素

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd ">
    <!-- 将ComboList对象交给spring容器管理 -->
    <!-- Bean元素:使用该元素描述需要spring容器管理的对象
            class属性:被管理对象的完整类名.
            name属性:给被管理的对象起个名字.获得对象时根据该名称获得对象.  
                    可以重复.可以使用特殊字符.
            id属性: 与name属性一模一样.
                    名称不可重复.不能使用特殊字符.
            结论: 尽量使用name属性.
      -->
    <bean  name="comboList" class="com.ccblogs.spring.ComboList" ></bean>
</beans>

2. 创建对象方式

  1. ComboList.java类
    public class ComboList {
        public ComboList() {
            System.out.println("无参构造方法创建对象");
        }
    }
    
  2. ComboListFactory.java类
    public class ComboListFactory {
        public ComboListFactory() {
            // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
        }
    
        public static ComboList createComboList() {
            System.out.println("静态工厂创建");
            return new ComboList();
        }
        
        public ComboList CreateComboList2() {
            System.out.println("实例工厂创建");
            return new ComboList();
        }
    }
    
  3. applicationContext.xml配置文件
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd ">
        <!-- 无参构造函数创建对象 -->
        <bean name="comboList" class="com.ccblogs.spring.ComboList"></bean>
        <!-- 静态工厂创建对象 -->
        <bean name="comboList2" class="com.ccblogs.spring.ComboListFactory"
            factory-method="createComboList"></bean>
        <!-- 实例工厂创建对象 -->
        <bean name="comboList3" factory-bean="createComboList2"
            factory-method="CreateComboList2"></bean>
        <bean name="createComboList2" class="com.ccblogs.spring.ComboListFactory"></bean>
    </beans>
    
  4. ComboListTest.java类
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
    
    public class ComboListTest {
        @SuppressWarnings("resource")
        @Test
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ApplicationContext cont = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
            Object obj = cont.getBean("comboList");
            System.out.println(obj);
            Object obj2 = cont.getBean("comboList2");
            System.out.println(obj2);
            Object obj3 = cont.getBean("comboList3");
            System.out.println(obj3);
        }
    }
    

3. scope属性

  1. singleton,默认值,单例对象。在spring容器中只会存在一个实例。使用方式:
    <bean name="comboList" class="com.ccblogs.spring.ComboList" scope="singleton"></bean>
    
  2. prototype,多例的对象。每次再获得都会创建新的对象,spring管理Struts2时,ActionBean必须配置为多例的。
    <bean name="comboList" class="com.ccblogs.spring.ComboList" scope="prototype"></bean>
    
  3. request,web环境下,对象与request生命周期一致。
  4. session,web环境下,对象与session生命周期一致。

4. 初始化和销毁方法

有错误!(cvc-complex-type.3.2.2: Attribute ‘destory-method’ is not allowed to appear in element ‘bean’.)

  1. ComboList.java
    public class ComboList {
        public ComboList() {
            System.out.println("无参构造方法创建对象");
        }
        
        public void getInit() {
            System.out.println("初始化方法");
        }
        
        public void getDestory() {
            System.out.println("销毁方法");
        }
    }
    
  2. 使用init-method属性标注初始化方法,使用destory-method属性标注销毁方法,applicationContext.xml:
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd ">
        <bean name="comboList" class="com.ccblogs.spring.ComboList"
            init-method="getInit" destory-method="getDestory"></bean>
    </beans>
    
  3. ComboListTest.java
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
    
    public class ComboListTest {
        @Test
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ClassPathXmlApplicationContext cont = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
            Object obj = cont.getBean("comboList");
            System.out.println(obj);
            cont.close();
        }
    }
    

5. 模块化配置

  1. ComboList.java
    public class ComboList {
        public ComboList() {
            System.out.println("无参构造方法创建对象");
        }
        
        public void getInit() {
            System.out.println("初始化方法");
        }
    }
    
  2. applicationContext.xml
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd ">
        <bean name="comboList" class="com.ccblogs.spring.ComboList"
            init-method="getInit"></bean>
    </beans>
    
  3. 使用import标签导入其他配置文件,applicationContext1.xml:
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd ">
        <import resource="applicationContext.xml"></import>
    </beans>
    
  4. ComboListTest.java
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
    
    public class ComboListTest {
        @Test
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ClassPathXmlApplicationContext cont = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext1.xml");
            Object obj = cont.getBean("comboList");
            System.out.println(obj);
            cont.close();
        }
    }
    

6. 属性注入(set方式)

  1. ComboList.java
    public class ComboList {
        private String name;
        private int age;
        private Like like;
        
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
        
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
        
        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }
        
        public void setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
        
        public Like getLike() {
            return like;
        }
        
        public void setLike(Like like) {
            this.like = like;
        }
        
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "ComboList [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", like=" + like + "]";
        }
    }
    
  2. Like.java
    public class Like {
        private String like1;
        private String like2;
        
        public Like() {
            // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
        }
        
        public String getLike1() {
            return like1;
        }
        
        public void setLike1(String like1) {
            this.like1 = like1;
        }
        
        public String getLike2() {
            return like2;
        }
        
        public void setLike2(String like2) {
            this.like2 = like2;
        }
        
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Like [like1=" + like1 + ", like2=" + like2 + "]";
        }
    }
    
  3. applicationContext.xml
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd ">
        <bean name="comboList" class="com.ccblogs.spring.ComboList">
            <property name="name" value="ccblogs"></property>
            <property name="age" value="18"></property>
            <property name="like" ref="like"></property>
        </bean>
        <bean name="like" class="com.ccblogs.spring.Like">
            <property name="like1" value="like11"></property>
            <property name="like2" value="like22"></property>
        </bean>
    </beans>
    
  4. ComboListTest.java
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
    
    public class ComboListTest {
        @SuppressWarnings("resource")
        @Test
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ApplicationContext cont = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
            Object obj = cont.getBean("comboList");
            System.out.println(obj);
        }
    }
    

7. 属性注入(构造函数)

  1. ComboList.java
    public class ComboList {
        public ComboList(String name, Integer age) {
            System.out.println(String.format("name=%s,age=%d", name, age));
        }
    
        public ComboList(Integer name, String age) {
            System.out.println(String.format("name=%d,age=%s", name, age));
        }
    }
    
  2. applicationContext.xml
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd ">
        <bean name="comboList" class="com.ccblogs.spring.ComboList">
            <constructor-arg name="name" value="18" index="0" type="java.lang.Integer"></constructor-arg>
            <constructor-arg name="age" value="ccblogs" index="1" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
        </bean>
    </beans>
    
  3. ComboListTest.java
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
    
    public class ComboListTest {
        @SuppressWarnings("resource")
        @Test
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ApplicationContext cont = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
            Object obj = cont.getBean("comboList");
            System.out.println(obj);
        }
    }
    

8. 属性注入(p名称空间&SPEL表达式)

  1. p名称空间
    1. ComboList.java
      public class ComboList {
          private String name;
          private int age;
          private Like like;
          
          public String getName() {
              return name;
          }
          
          public void setName(String name) {
              this.name = name;
          }
          
          public int getAge() {
              return age;
          }
          
          public void setAge(int age) {
              this.age = age;
          }
          
          public Like getLike() {
              return like;
          }
          
          public void setLike(Like like) {
              this.like = like;
          }
          
          @Override
          public String toString() {
              return "ComboList [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", like=" + like + "]";
          }
      }
      
    2. Like.java
      public class Like {
          private String like1;
          private String like2;
          
          public Like() {
              // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
          }
          
          public String getLike1() {
              return like1;
          }
          
          public void setLike1(String like1) {
              this.like1 = like1;
          }
          
          public String getLike2() {
              return like2;
          }
          
          public void setLike2(String like2) {
              this.like2 = like2;
          }
          
          @Override
          public String toString() {
              return "Like [like1=" + like1 + ", like2=" + like2 + "]";
          }
      }
      
    3. applicationContext.xml
      <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
      <beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd ">
          <bean name="comboList" class="com.ccblogs.spring.ComboList"
              p:name="ccblogs" p:age="18" p:like-ref="like"></bean>
          <bean name="like" class="com.ccblogs.spring.Like">
              <property name="like1" value="like11"></property>
              <property name="like2" value="like22"></property>
          </bean>
      </beans>
      
    4. ComboListTest.java
      import org.junit.Test;
      import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
      import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
      
      public class ComboListTest {
          @SuppressWarnings("resource")
          @Test
          public static void main(String[] args) {
              ApplicationContext cont = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
              Object obj = cont.getBean("comboList");
              System.out.println(obj);
          }
      }
      
  2. SPEL表达式
    1. ComboList.java
      public class ComboList {
          private String name;
          private int age;
          private Like like;
          
          public String getName() {
              return name;
          }
          
          public void setName(String name) {
              this.name = name;
          }
          
          public int getAge() {
              return age;
          }
          
          public void setAge(int age) {
              this.age = age;
          }
          
          public Like getLike() {
              return like;
          }
          
          public void setLike(Like like) {
              this.like = like;
          }
          
          @Override
          public String toString() {
              return "ComboList [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", like=" + like + "]";
          }
      }
      
    2. Like.java
      public class Like {
          private String like1;
          private String like2;
          
          public Like() {
              // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
          }
          
          public String getLike1() {
              return like1;
          }
          
          public void setLike1(String like1) {
              this.like1 = like1;
          }
          
          public String getLike2() {
              return like2;
          }
          
          public void setLike2(String like2) {
              this.like2 = like2;
          }
          
          @Override
          public String toString() {
              return "Like [like1=" + like1 + ", like2=" + like2 + "]";
          }
      }
      
    3. applicationContext.xml
      <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
      <beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd ">
          <bean name="comboList" class="com.ccblogs.spring.ComboList">
              <property name="name" value="#{comboList1.name}"></property>
              <property name="age" value="#{comboList2.age}"></property>
              <property name="like" ref="like"></property>
          </bean>
          <bean name="comboList1" class="com.ccblogs.spring.ComboList"
              p:name="ccblogs1" p:age="181" p:like-ref="like">
          </bean>
          <bean name="comboList2" class="com.ccblogs.spring.ComboList">
              <property name="name" value="ccblogs2"></property>
              <property name="age" value="182"></property>
              <property name="like" ref="like"></property>
          </bean>
          <bean name="like" class="com.ccblogs.spring.Like">
              <property name="like1" value="like11"></property>
              <property name="like2" value="like22"></property>
          </bean>
      </beans>
      
    4. ComboListTest.java
      import org.junit.Test;
      import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
      import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
      
      public class ComboListTest {
          @SuppressWarnings("resource")
          @Test
          public static void main(String[] args) {
              ApplicationContext cont = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
              Object obj = cont.getBean("comboList");
              System.out.println(obj);
          }
      }
      

9. 复杂类型注入

  1. ComboList.java
    import java.util.Arrays;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Map;
    import java.util.Properties;
    
    public class ComboList {
        private Object[] strs;
        private List lst;
        private Map map;
        private Properties pro;
        
        public Object[] getStrs() {
            return strs;
        }
        
        public void setStrs(Object[] strs) {
            this.strs = strs;
        }
        
        public List getLst() {
            return lst;
        }
        
        public void setLst(List lst) {
            this.lst = lst;
        }
        
        public Map getMap() {
            return map;
        }
        
        public void setMap(Map map) {
            this.map = map;
        }
        
        public Properties getPro() {
            return pro;
        }
        
        public void setPro(Properties pro) {
            this.pro = pro;
        }
        
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "ComboList [strs=" + Arrays.toString(strs) + ", lst=" + lst + ", map=" + map + ", pro=" + pro + "]";
        }
    }
    
  2. Like.java
    public class Like {
        private String like1;
        private String like2;
        
        public Like() {
            // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
        }
        
        public String getLike1() {
            return like1;
        }
        
        public void setLike1(String like1) {
            this.like1 = like1;
        }
        
        public String getLike2() {
            return like2;
        }
        
        public void setLike2(String like2) {
            this.like2 = like2;
        }
        
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Like [like1=" + like1 + ", like2=" + like2 + "]";
        }
    }
    
  3. applicationContext.xml
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd ">
        <bean name="comboList" class="com.ccblogs.spring.ComboList">
            <property name="strs">
                <array>
                    <value>ccblogs</value>
                    <value>ccblogs1</value>
                    <ref bean="like" />
                </array>
            </property>
            <property name="lst">
                <list>
                    <value>ccblogs</value>
                    <value>ccblogs1</value>
                    <ref bean="like" />
                </list>
            </property>
            <property name="map">
                <map>
                    <entry key="key1" value="ccblogs1">
                    </entry>
                    <entry key="key1" value="ccblogs2">
                    </entry>
                    <entry key-ref="like" value-ref="like">
                    </entry>
                </map>
            </property>
            <property name="pro">
                <props>
                    <prop key="key1">ccblogs1</prop>
                    <prop key="key2">ccblogs2</prop>
                </props>
            </property>
        </bean>
        <bean name="like" class="com.ccblogs.spring.Like">
            <property name="like1" value="like11"></property>
            <property name="like2" value="like22"></property>
        </bean>
    </beans>
    
  4. ComboListTest.java
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
    
    public class ComboListTest {
        @SuppressWarnings("resource")
        @Test
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ApplicationContext cont = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
            Object obj = cont.getBean("comboList");
            System.out.println(obj);
        }
    }
    
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