Android网络连接之HttpURLConnection和HttpClient
1.概念
HTTP 协议可能是现在 Internet 上使用得最多、最重要的协议了,越来越多的 Java 应用程序需要直接通过 HTTP 协议来访问网络资源。在 JDK 的 java.net 包中已经提供了访问 HTTP 协议的基本功能:HttpURLConnection。但是对于大部分应用程序来说,JDK 库本身提供的功能还不够丰富和灵活。
除此之外,在Android中,androidSDK中集成了Apache的HttpClient模块,用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持 HTTP 协议工具包,并且它支持 HTTP 协议最新的版本和建议。使用HttpClient可以快速开发出功能强大的Http程序。
2.区别
HttpClient是个很不错的开源框架,封装了访问http的请求头,参数,内容体,响应等等,
HttpURLConnection是java的标准类,什么都没封装,用起来太原始,不方便,比如重访问的自定义,以及一些高级功能等。
URLConnection | HTTPClient | |
---|---|---|
Proxies and SOCKS | Full support in Netscape browser, appletviewer, and applications (SOCKS: Version 4 only); no additional limitations from security policies. 在Netscape浏览器,APPLETVIEWER全力支持,小应用程序阅览器和应用(android 4版本);从安全政策没有额外的限制。 | Full support (SOCKS: Version 4 and 5); limited in applets however by security policies; in Netscape can't pick up the settings from the browser. 全力支持(android:版本4和5);通过安全策略限制应用程序但是;在Netscape不能从浏览器接设置。 |
Authorization | Full support for Basic Authorization in Netscape (can use info given by the user for normal accesses outside of the applet); no support in appletviewer or applications. 在Netscape基本授权充分的支持(可以使用由用户正常访问外部信息的小程序);在小应用程序阅览器或应用程序不支持。 | Full support everywhere; however cannot access previously given info from Netscape, thereby possibly requesting the user to enter info (s)he has already given for a previous access. Also, you can add/implement additional authentication mechanisms yourself. 全力支持无处不在;但是不能预先给定的信息从网景浏览器访问,从而可能要求用户输入信息,他已经给了一个以前的访问。此外,您还可以添加/实现额外的认证机制。 |
Methods | Only has GET and POST. | Has HEAD, GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, TRACE and OPTIONS, plus any arbitrary method. |
Headers | Currently you can only set any request headers if you are doing a POST under Netscape; for GETs and the JDK you can't set any headers. 现在你只能如果你在Netscape做后设置任何请求头;GET方法和JDK不能设置任何标题。 | Allows any arbitrary headers to be sent and received. 允许任意的headers头文件发送和接收。 |
Automatic Redirection Handling 自动重定向处理 | Yes. | Yes (as allowed by the HTTP/1.1 spec). |
Persistent Connections 持久连接 | No support currently in JDK; under Netscape uses HTTP/1.0 Keep-Alive's. | Supports HTTP/1.0 Keep-Alive's and HTTP/1.1 persistence. |
Pipelining of Requests 请求的流水线 | No. | Yes. |
Can handle protocols other than HTTP 可以处理HTTP以外的协议 | Theoretically; however only http is currently implemented. 理论上只有HTTP是目前实现。 | No. |
Can do HTTP over SSL (https) | Under Netscape, yes. Using Appletviewer or in an application, no. | No (not yet). |
Source code available | No. | Yes. |
3.案例
URLConnection
String urlAddress = "http://192.168.1.102:8080/AndroidServer/login.do";
URL url;
HttpURLConnection uRLConnection;
public UrlConnectionToServer(){
}
//向服务器发送get请求 public String doGet(String username,String password){ String getUrl = urlAddress + "?username="+username+"&password="+password; try { url = new URL(getUrl); uRLConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection(); InputStream is = uRLConnection.getInputStream(); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is)); String response = ""; String readLine = null; while((readLine =br.readLine()) != null){ //response = br.readLine(); response = response + readLine; } is.close(); br.close(); uRLConnection.disconnect(); return response; } catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return null; } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return null; } }
//向服务器发送post请求 public String doPost(String username,String password){ try { url = new URL(urlAddress); uRLConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection(); uRLConnection.setDoInput(true); uRLConnection.setDoOutput(true); uRLConnection.setRequestMethod("POST"); uRLConnection.setUseCaches(false); uRLConnection.setInstanceFollowRedirects(false); uRLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); uRLConnection.connect(); DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(uRLConnection.getOutputStream()); String content = "username="+username+"&password="+password; out.writeBytes(content); out.flush(); out.close(); InputStream is = uRLConnection.getInputStream(); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is)); String response = ""; String readLine = null; while((readLine =br.readLine()) != null){ //response = br.readLine(); response = response + readLine; } is.close(); br.close(); uRLConnection.disconnect(); return response; } catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return null; } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return null; } }
HTTPClient
String urlAddress = "http://192.168.1.102:8080/qualityserver/login.do"; public HttpClientServer(){ } public String doGet(String username,String password){ String getUrl = urlAddress + "?username="+username+"&password="+password; HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(getUrl); HttpParams hp = httpGet.getParams(); hp.getParameter("true"); //hp. //httpGet.setp HttpClient hc = new DefaultHttpClient(); try { HttpResponse ht = hc.execute(httpGet); if(ht.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK){ HttpEntity he = ht.getEntity(); InputStream is = he.getContent(); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is)); String response = ""; String readLine = null; while((readLine =br.readLine()) != null){ //response = br.readLine(); response = response + readLine; } is.close(); br.close(); //String str = EntityUtils.toString(he); System.out.println("========="+response); return response; }else{ return "error"; } } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); return "exception"; } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); return "exception"; } } public String doPost(String username,String password){ //String getUrl = urlAddress + "?username="+username+"&password="+password; HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(urlAddress); List params = new ArrayList(); NameValuePair pair1 = new BasicNameValuePair("username", username); NameValuePair pair2 = new BasicNameValuePair("password", password); params.add(pair1); params.add(pair2); HttpEntity he; try { he = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, "gbk"); httpPost.setEntity(he); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e1.printStackTrace(); } HttpClient hc = new DefaultHttpClient(); try { HttpResponse ht = hc.execute(httpPost); //连接成功 if(ht.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK){ HttpEntity het = ht.getEntity(); InputStream is = het.getContent(); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is)); String response = ""; String readLine = null; while((readLine =br.readLine()) != null){ //response = br.readLine(); response = response + readLine; } is.close(); br.close(); //String str = EntityUtils.toString(he); System.out.println("=========&&"+response); return response; }else{ return "error"; } } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); return "exception"; } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); return "exception"; } }
servlet端json转化:
resp.setContentType("text/json"); resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); toDo = new ToDo(); List<UserBean> list = new ArrayList<UserBean>(); list = toDo.queryUsers(mySession); String body; //设定JSON JSONArray array = new JSONArray(); for(UserBean bean : list) { JSONObject obj = new JSONObject(); try { obj.put("username", bean.getUserName()); obj.put("password", bean.getPassWord()); }catch(Exception e){} array.add(obj); } pw.write(array.toString()); System.out.println(array.toString());
android端接收:
String urlAddress = "http://192.168.1.102:8080/qualityserver/result.do"; String body = getContent(urlAddress); JSONArray array = new JSONArray(body); for(int i=0;i<array.length();i++) { obj = array.getJSONObject(i); sb.append("用户名:").append(obj.getString("username")).append("\t"); sb.append("密码:").append(obj.getString("password")).append("\n"); HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>(); try { userName = obj.getString("username"); passWord = obj.getString("password"); } catch (JSONException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } map.put("username", userName); map.put("password", passWord); listItem.add(map); } } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } if(sb!=null) { showResult.setText("用户名和密码信息:"); showResult.setTextSize(20); } else extracted(); //设置adapter SimpleAdapter simple = new SimpleAdapter(this,listItem, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_2, new String[]{"username","password"}, new int[]{android.R.id.text1,android.R.id.text2}); listResult.setAdapter(simple); listResult.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) { int positionId = (int) (id+1); Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "ID:"+positionId, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } }); } private void extracted() { showResult.setText("没有有效的数据!"); } //和服务器连接 private String getContent(String url)throws Exception{ StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); HttpClient client =new DefaultHttpClient(); HttpParams httpParams =client.getParams(); HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(httpParams, 3000); HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(httpParams, 5000); HttpResponse response = client.execute(new HttpGet(url)); HttpEntity entity =response.getEntity(); if(entity !=null){ BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader (entity.getContent(),"UTF-8"),8192); String line =null; while ((line= reader.readLine())!=null){ sb.append(line +"\n"); } reader.close(); } return sb.toString(); }