我们运用方法、继承、接口、多态以及包等相关知识,编写一个图书管理系统。
首先,我们建立一个TestMain主方法,进行登录操作:
public class TestMain {
public static User login() {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入你的姓名:");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请选择你的身份:1,管理员;2,普通用户");
int choice = scanner.nextInt();
if (choice == 1) {
return new Admin(name);
}else {
return new NormalUser(name);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
BookList bookList = new BookList();
User user = login();
while (true) {
int choice = user.menu();
user.doOperation(bookList,choice);
}
}
}
根据用户选择,我们分别设置了管理者和普通用户两个界面,实现对操作系统的区分:
建立User包里的User文件
public abstract class User {
protected String name;
protected IOperation[] operations;
public User(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public abstract int menu();
public void doOperation(BookList bookList,int choice) {
this.operations[choice].work(bookList);
}
}
对User进行划分,分为管理者Admin和普通用户NormalUser
public class Admin extends User {
public Admin(String name) {
super(name);
this.operations = new IOperation[] {
new ExitOperation(),
new FindOperation(),
new AddOperation(),
new DelOperation(),
new DisplayOperation()
};
}
@Override
public int menu() {
System.out.println("=======================");
System.out.println("hello " + this.name + "欢迎来到图书管理系统");
System.out.println("====== 1,查找图书 ======");
System.out.println("====== 2,新增图书 ======");
System.out.println("====== 3,删除图书 ======");
System.out.println("====== 4,打印书单 ======");
System.out.println("====== 0,退出系统 ======");
System.out.println("=======================");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
int choice = scanner.nextInt();
return choice;
}
}
public class NormalUser extends User {
public NormalUser (String name) {
super(name);
this.operations = new IOperation[] {
new ExitOperation(),
new FindOperation(),
new BorrowOperation(),
new ReturnOperation()
};
}
@Override
public int menu() {
System.out.println("=======================");
System.out.println("hello " + this.name + "欢迎来到图书管理系统");
System.out.println("====== 1,查找图书 ======");
System.out.println("====== 2,借阅图书 ======");
System.out.println("====== 3,归还图书 ======");
System.out.println("====== 0,退出系统 ======");
System.out.println("=======================");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
int choice = scanner.nextInt();
return choice;
}
}
当登录页面设计完成后,我们考虑建立一个图书库,首先构造一本书里面所包含的属性,在这,我设计了包括书名,作者,价格,类型以及是否借出五个属性
public class Book {
private String name;
private String author;
private int price;
private String type;
private boolean isBorrowed;
public Book(String name, String author, int price, String type) {
this.name = name;
this.author = author;
this.price = price;
this.type = type;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getAuthor() {
return author;
}
public void setAuthor(String author) {
this.author = author;
}
public int getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(int price) {
this.price = price;
}
public String getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(String type) {
this.type = type;
}
public boolean isBorrowed() {
return isBorrowed;
}
public void setBorrowed(boolean borrowed) {
isBorrowed = borrowed;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Book{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", author='" + author + '\'' +
", price=" + price +
", type='" + type + '\'' +
", isBorrowed=" + isBorrowed +
'}';
}
}
然后为了操作方便,我现在图书库里放置几本书
public class BookList {
private Book[] books = new Book[100];
private int usedSize = 0;
public BookList() {
books[0] = new Book("三国演义","罗贯中",58,"文学小说");
books[1] = new Book("水浒传","施耐庵",48,"文学小说");
books[2] = new Book("西游记","吴承恩",68,"文学小说");
books[3] = new Book("红楼梦","曹雪芹",58,"文学小说");
this.usedSize = 4;
}
public Book getBooks(int pos) {
return this.books[pos];
}
public void setBooks(int pos,Book book) {
this.books[pos] = book;
}
public int getUsedSize() {
return usedSize;
}
public void setUsedSize(int usedSize) {
this.usedSize = usedSize;
}
}
接下来,我们就要对该图书管理系统的相关操作进行实现,在这里我设计了查找、退出公共属性,以及属于管理者具有的增加、删除、打印书单,和属于普通用户具有的借阅、归还的属性,依次进行实现:
//设置一个接口(为了熟练接口操作)
public interface IOperation {
void work(BookList bookList);
}
//添加图书
public class AddOperation implements IOperation {
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("新增图书");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入图书的名字:");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入图书的作者:");
String author = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入图书的价格:");
int price = scanner.nextInt();
System.out.println("请输入图书的类型:");
String type = scanner.next();
Book book = new Book(name,author,price,type);
int curSize = bookList.getUsedSize();
bookList.setBooks(curSize,book);
bookList.setUsedSize(curSize+1);
System.out.println("成功添加!");
}
}
// 借阅图书
public class BorrowOperation implements IOperation {
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("借阅图书");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入图书的名字:");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++) {
Book book = bookList.getBooks(i);
if (book.getName().equals(name)) {
//查询是否有所借图书
book.setBorrowed(true);
System.out.println("借阅成功!");
return;
}
}
System.out.println("没有所借图书");
}
}
// 删除图书
public class DelOperation implements IOperation {
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("删除图书");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入需要删除图书的名字:");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++) {
Book book = bookList.getBooks(i);
if (book.getName().equals(name)) {
//查询是否有该图书
break;
}
}
if (i == bookList.getUsedSize()) {
System.out.println("没有这本书!");
return;
}
//删除
for (int pos = 0; pos < bookList.getUsedSize() - 1; pos++) {
Book book = bookList.getBooks(pos + 1);
bookList.setBooks(pos, book);
}
bookList.setUsedSize(bookList.getUsedSize() - 1);
System.out.println("删除成功!");
}
}
// 打印书单
public class DisplayOperation implements IOperation {
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("打印书单");
for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++) {
Book book = bookList.getBooks(i);
System.out.println(book);
}
}
}
// 退出系统
public class ExitOperation implements IOperation {
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("退出系统");
System.exit(1);
}
}
// 查找图书
public class FindOperation implements IOperation {
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("查找图书");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入图书的名字:");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++) {
Book book = bookList.getBooks(i);
if (book.getName().equals(name)) {
System.out.println(book);
System.out.println("查找成功!");
return;
}
}
}
}
// 归还图书
public class ReturnOperation implements IOperation {
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("归还图书");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入归还图书的名字:");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getUsedSize(); i++) {
Book book = bookList.getBooks(i);
if (book.getName().equals(name)) {
book.setBorrowed(false);
System.out.println("归还成功!");
return;
}
}
}
}
最后,我们就成功实现了一个图书管理系统。
运行结果: