- 实验拓扑
一、实验要求
1、R4为ISP,其上只配置IP地址;R4与其他所直连设备间均使用公有IP;
2、R3-R5、R6、R7为MGRE环境,R3为中心站点;
3、整个OSPF环境IP基于172.16.0.0/16划分;除了R12有两个环回,其他路由器均有一个环回IP
4、所有设备均可访问R4的环回;
5、减少LSA的更新量,加快收敛,保障更新安全;
6、全网可达
二、实验思路
- 地址规划:为便于路由汇总,按区域划分IP地址,全网分为6个区域,每个区域划分一个大网段,再通过内部细化互联网段和用户网段等。
area 0
总地址:172.16.0.0/19
隧道地址:172.16.0.0/24
R4环回:172.16.1.0/24
R3环回:172.16.2.0/24
R5环回:172.16.3.0/24
R6环回:172.16.4.0/24
R7环回:172.16.5.0/24
area 1
总地址:172.16.32.0/19
互联地址:172.16.32.0/29
R1环回:172.16.40.0/21
R2环回:172.16.48.0/21
area 2
总地址:172.16.64.0/19
互联地址1:172.16.64.0/30
互联地址2:172.16.64.4/30
R11环回:172.16.72.0/21
area 3
总地址:172.16.96.0/19
互联地址1:172.16.96.0/30
互联地址2:172.16.96.4/30
R8环回:172.16.104.0/21
R9环回:172.16.112.0/21
area 4
总地址:172.16.128.0/19
互联地址1:172.16.128.0/30
R10环回:172.16.136.0/21
RIP区域
总地址:172.16.160.0/19
R12环回1:172.16.160.0/21
R12环回2:172.16.168.0/21
2、为各设备配置IP地址
3、在R3、R5、R6、R7配置缺省路由,指向公网
4、配置MGRE环境,R3为中心站点,R5、R6、R7为分支站点
5、为隧道配置NHRP协议
6、配置OSPF域外路由引入
7、更改网络中tunnel接口类型为广播
8、将分支站点的dr选举优先级变0,避免DR选举混乱所有设备均可访问R4的环回;
9、与公网直连路由器配置EASY IP,允许私网访问公网
10、通过配置区域内、区域间和区域外的路由聚合,减少LSA更新量
11、通过修改hello或死亡时间,加快路由收敛
12、通过配置ospf区域认证,保障更新安全;
13、所有配置完成后,测试全网可达
三、实验配置
1、配置互联接口和环回接口IP地址
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.32.1 29
[R1]int LoopBack 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.40.1 21
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.32.2 29
[R2]int LoopBack 0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.40.1 21
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.32.3 29
[R3]int LoopBack 0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.2.3 24
[R3]int s4/0/0
[R3-Serial4/0/0]ip address 34.0.0.3 24
R4-ISP]int s3/0/0
[R4-ISP-Serial3/0/0]ip address 34.0.0.4 24
[R4-ISP]int s3/0/1
[R4-ISP-Serial3/0/1]ip address 45.0.0.4 24
[R4-ISP-Serial3/0/1]int s4/0/0
[R4-ISP-Serial4/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.4 24
[R4-ISP-Serial4/0/0]int g0/0/0
[R4-ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 47.0.0.4 24
[R4-ISP]int LoopBack 0
[R4-ISP-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.1.4 24
[R4-ISP-LoopBack0]q
[R5]int s4/0/0
[R5-Serial4/0/0]ip address 45.0.0.5 24
[R5-Serial4/0/0]q
[R5]int LoopBack 0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.3.5 24
[R6]int s4/0/0
[R6-Serial4/0/0]ip address 46.0.0.6 24
[R6-Serial4/0/0]q
[R6]int LoopBack 0
[R6-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.4.6
[R6]int g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.64.1 30
[R7]int g0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 47.0.0.7 24
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R7]int LoopBack 0
[R7-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.5.7 24
[R7-LoopBack0]q
[R7]int g0/0/1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.96.1 30
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R8]int g0/0/0
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.96.2 30
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.96.5 30
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R8]int LoopBack 0
[R8-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.104.8 21
[R9]int g0/0/0
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.96.6 30
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R9]int LoopBack 0
[R9-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.112.9 21
[R9-LoopBack0]q
[R9]int g0/0/1
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.128.1 30
[R10]int g0/0/0
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.128.2 30
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R10]int LoopBack 0
[R10-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.136.10 21
[R11]int g0/0/0
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.64.2 30
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.64.5 30
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R11]int LoopBack 0
[R11-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.72.11 21
[R11-LoopBack0]q
[R12]int g0/0/0
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.64.6 30
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R12]int LoopBack 0
[R12-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.160.12 21
[R12-LoopBack0]q
[R12]int LoopBack 1
[R12-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.168.12 21
[R12-LoopBack1]q
2、配置缺省路由,连通公网
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.4
[R5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.4
[R6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.4
[R7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.4
3、配置总部与分部之间的隧道-MGRE VPN
[R3]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.0.3 24
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.0.0.3
[R5]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.0.5 24
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
[R6]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.0.6 24
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
[R7]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.0.7 24
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
4、NHRP的配置
中心站点配置:
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic
分支站点配置:
[R5]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.0.3 34.0.0.3 register
[R6]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.0.3 34.0.0.3 register
[R7]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R7Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.0.3 34.0.0.3 register
测试:查看中心站点NHRP表
5、配置动态路由,连通私网
[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]area 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.40.0 0.0.7.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.32.0 0.0.0.7
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]area 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.32.0 0.0.0.7
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.48.0 0.0.7.255
[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R3-ospf-1]area 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.32.0 0.0.0.7
[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[R5-ospf-1]area 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1]area 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 46.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R6-ospf-1]area 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.64.0 0.0.0.3
[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[R7-ospf-1]area 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.255
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 47.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R7-ospf-1]area 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.96.0 0.0.0.3
[R8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[R8-ospf-1]area 3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.104.0 0.0.7.255
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3] network 172.16.96.4 0.0.0.3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3] network 172.16.96.0 0.0.0.3
[R9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[R9-ospf-1]area 3
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.96.4 0.0.0.3
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.112.0 0.0.7.255
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]q
由于区域划分不合理,导致区域4无法与骨干区域连通,将区域4配置在OSPF进程2中,便于路由引入
[R9]ospf 2
[R9-ospf-2]area 4
[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.0.3
[R10]ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.10
[R10-ospf-1]area 4
[R10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.136.0 0.0.7.255
[R10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.0.3
[R11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
[R11-ospf-1]area 2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.72.0 0.0.7.255
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.64.0 0.0.0.3
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.64.4 0.0.0.3
[R12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[R12-ospf-1]area 2
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.64.4 0.0.0.3
[R12]rip 1
[R12-rip-1]version 2
[R12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0
6、配置跨域路由引入
1)由于R11及其下游路由器中无法学习到rip区域的路由,需在R12的ospf进程中配置rip路由引入
[R12]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]import-route rip
2)由于其他区域无法学习到区域4的路由,区域4无法学习到其他区域的路由,需在R9配置ospf路由引入
[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2
[R9-ospf-1]q
[R9]ospf 2
[R9-ospf-2]import-route ospf 1
[R9-ospf-2]q
7、更改网络中tunnel接口类型为广播
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
8、将分支站点的dr选举优先级变0,避免DR选举混乱
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
9、与公网直连路由器配置EASY IP,允许私网访问公网
[R3]acl 2000
[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R3]int s4/0/0
[R3-Serial4/0/0]nat ou
[R3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
[R5]acl 2000
[R5-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.224.255
[R5-acl-basic-2000]q
[R5]int s4/0/0
[R5-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
[R6]acl 2000
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R6]int s4/0/0
[R6-Serial4/0/0]nat ou
[R6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
[R7]acl 2000
[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R7]int g0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000
10、通过路由聚合,减少LSA更新量
R5聚合前情况如图所示:
(1)区域间路由聚合:
在R3路由器OSPF 1区域1视图下配置,把区域1的路由聚合后发布到区域0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0
在R6路由器OSPF 1区域2视图下配置,把区域2的路由聚合后发布到区域0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0
在R7路由器OSPF1区域3视图下配置,把区域3的路由聚合后发布到区域0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0
(2)域外路由汇总:
在R12路由器OSPF1 视图下配置,把RIP区域的路由聚合后发布到区域0
[R12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0
在R9路由器的OSPF 1视图下配置,把区域4的路由聚合后发布到区域0
[R9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0
汇总后图的:
由于rip域划分不合理导致172.16.64.4/30网段未被汇总,从域外传至区域0。
(3)域内路由汇总
1)区域1做totally stub区域
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary
2)区域2做totally NSSA区域
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
3)区域3做totally NSSA区域
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
11、防环配置
在汇总节点进行防环配置:
[R3]ip route-static 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0 NULL 0
[R6]ip route-static 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0 NULL 0
[R7]ip route-static 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0 NULL 0
[R9]ip route-static 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0 NULL 0
[R12]ip route-static 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0 NULL 0
12、手工下发缺省路由并测试
R9设置为特殊区域后,不向域外传递缺省路由,由于R10无缺省路由,需在R9手工配置下发缺省路由
[R9-ospf-2]default-route-advertise
13、修改hello时间,实现加快收敛
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]]ospf timer hello 5
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]]ospf timer hello 5
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
14、安全认证,设置区域认证,提示安全性
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 112233
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 112233
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 112233
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 112233
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 112233
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 112233
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 112233
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 112233
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 112233
全网通测试