Docker第二篇【Docker镜像命令、容器命令、常用的其他命令】

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-22 10:12:45 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-22 10:12:45 发布

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分类专栏： Docker 文章标签： docker 容器其他

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/cd_laotang/article/details/122267199

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注：此笔记依据B站狂神说，想学习点此链接可直接跳转

一、Docker 镜像命令

1.1 Docker 的帮助命令

docker version #显示docker的版本信息。 
docker info    #显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量 
docker 命令 --help #帮助命令

[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker search --help
Usage:  docker search [OPTIONS] TERM
Search the Docker Hub for images
Options:
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print search using a Go template
      --limit int       Max number of search results (default 25)
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11869     [OK]       
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4536      [OK]

Docker 命令的帮助文档地址：

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/

1.2 查看镜像

docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像

[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   3 months ago   13.3kB

解释：

REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 镜像的id
CREATED 镜像的创建时间
SIZE 镜像的大小
可选项 Options:
-a, --all #列出所有镜像
-q, --quiet # 只显示镜像的id

[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker images -aq ＃显示所有镜像的id
feb5d9fea6a5

1.3 下载镜像

# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest #如果不写tag，默认就是latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql 
72a69066d2fe: Pull complete  #分层下载： docker image 的核心 联合文件系统
93619dbc5b36: Pull complete 
99da31dd6142: Pull complete 
626033c43d70: Pull complete 
37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete 
ac563158d721: Pull complete 
d2ba16033dad: Pull complete 
688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete 
00e060b6d11d: Pull complete 
1c04857f594f: Pull complete 
4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete 
e0431212d27d: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709
# 签名 防伪
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest  #真实地址

#等价于 
docker pull mysql:5.7 
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7 #指定版本
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Already exists 
93619dbc5b36: Already exists 
99da31dd6142: Already exists 
626033c43d70: Already exists 
37d5d7efb64e: Already exists 
ac563158d721: Already exists 
d2ba16033dad: Already exists 
0ceb82207cd7: Pull complete 
37f2405cae96: Pull complete 
e2482e017e53: Pull complete 
70deed891d42: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

1.4 删除镜像

删除指定的镜像

[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker images;
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
mysql         5.7       c20987f18b13   11 days ago    448MB
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   3 months ago   13.3kB
centos        latest    5d0da3dc9764   3 months ago   231MB
[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker rmi -f feb5d9fea6a5
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:2498fce14358aa50ead0cc6c19990fc6ff866ce72aeb5546e1d59caac3d0d60f
Deleted: sha256:feb5d9fea6a5e9606aa995e879d862b825965ba48de054caab5ef356dc6b3412
[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker images;
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
mysql        5.7       c20987f18b13   11 days ago    448MB
centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   3 months ago   231MB

docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id #删除指定的镜像
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) #删除全部的镜像

二、Docker 容器命令

我们有了镜像才可以创建容器，Linux，现在下载 centos 镜像来学习。

[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker container docker容器命令

Usage:  docker container COMMAND

Manage containers

Commands:
  attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
  commit      Create a new image from a container's changes
  cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
  create      Create a new container
  diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
  exec        Run a command in a running container
  export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
  inspect     Display detailed information on one or more containers
  kill        Kill one or more running containers
  logs        Fetch the logs of a container
  ls          List containers
  pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers
  port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
  prune       Remove all stopped containers
  rename      Rename a container
  restart     Restart one or more containers
  rm          Remove one or more containers
  run         Run a command in a new container
  start       Start one or more stopped containers
  stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
  stop        Stop one or more running containers
  top         Display the running processes of a container
  unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers
  update      Update configuration of one or more containers
  wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes

Run 'docker container COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

新建容器并启动

docker run [可选参数] image | docker container run [可选参数] image 

#参书说明 
--name="Name" #容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat02 用来区分容器 
-d #后台方式运行 
-it #使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容 
-p #指定容器的端口 (下面五种方式)
	-p 8080(宿主机):8080(容器) 
	-p ip:主机端口:容器端口 
	-p 主机端口:容器端口(常用) 
	-p 容器端口 
	容器端口 
-P(大写) #随机指定端口

[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@18f2d8b71b5d /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

exit # 退出容器
ctrl +P +Q #容器不停止退出
docker ps -a #查看当前运行的容器和历史运行的容器
docker ps #查看当前正在运行的容器
docker ps -aq #只显示容器id

删除容器

docker rm 容器id #删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制删除 rm -rf 
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) #删除指定的容器 
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm #删除所有的容器

启动和停止容器的操作

docker start 容器id #启动容器 
docker restart 容器id #重启容器 
docker stop 容器id #停止当前正在运行的容器 
docker kill 容器id #强制停止当前容器

三、常用的其他命令

后台启动命令

[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker run -d centos
216d356762901ac88b305c1b67bcd403b145dcee39802e8d7ed1d42cb5acf28b
[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

问题 docker ps，发现 centos 停止了：

常见的坑，docker 容器使用后台运行，就必须要有要一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止。
例如 nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了

查看日志

[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker logs --help

Usage:  docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER

Fetch the logs of a container

Options:
      --details        Show extra details provided to logs
  -f, --follow         Follow log output
      --since string   Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
  -n, --tail string    Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all")
  -t, --timestamps     Show timestamps
      --until string   Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)

查看 n 行日志

[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo 6666;sleep 1;done";
4d241f98e11a39ebbaeaa185cad34d72882f9c4971f6088ab8a791e09111ee41
[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker logs -t --tail 10 4d241f98e11a39ebbaeaa185cad34d72882f9c4971f6088ab8a791e09111ee41;
2022-01-01T06:33:46.297490857Z 6666
2022-01-01T06:33:47.300527856Z 6666
2022-01-01T06:33:48.302687132Z 6666
2022-01-01T06:33:49.305016734Z 6666
2022-01-01T06:33:50.306697383Z 6666
2022-01-01T06:33:51.309025177Z 6666
2022-01-01T06:33:52.311626742Z 6666
2022-01-01T06:33:53.313950858Z 6666
2022-01-01T06:33:54.316572975Z 6666
2022-01-01T06:33:55.318794408Z 6666
[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS     NAMES
4d241f98e11a   centos    "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute             nice_dewdney

docker logs -ft 容器id #显示日志信息（一直更新）

查看容器中进程信息

[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker top 4d241f98e11a
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                3663                3646                0                   14:32               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/bash -c while true;do echo 6666;sleep 1;done
root                5089                3663                0                   14:38               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1

查看镜像的元数据

[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker inspect 4d241f98e11a
[
    {
        "Id": "4d241f98e11a39ebbaeaa185cad34d72882f9c4971f6088ab8a791e09111ee41",
        "Created": "2022-01-01T06:32:56.747538926Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo 6666;sleep 1;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 3663,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2022-01-01T06:32:57.179147942Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/4d241f98e11a39ebbaeaa185cad34d72882f9c4971f6088ab8a791e09111ee41/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/4d241f98e11a39ebbaeaa185cad34d72882f9c4971f6088ab8a791e09111ee41/hostname",

进入当前正在运行的容器

我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置

[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker exec -it 4d241f98e11a /bin/bash
[root@4d241f98e11a /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

方式二 docker attach 容器id

[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker attach 4d241f98e11a #此时他会直接运行前面的脚本程序

区别：

docker exec 进入当前容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作。（常用）
docker attach 进入容器正在执行的终端

从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

docker cp 容器id:容器内路径主机目的路径

步骤：进入centos容器，新建文件，退出，拷贝该文件到主机上，查看拷贝成功
在这里插入图片描述

向上爬的小小蜗牛

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Docker第二篇【Docker镜像命令、容器命令、常用的其他命令】

注：此笔记依据B站狂神说，想学习点此链接可直接跳转一、Docker 镜像命令1.1 Docker 的帮助命令:docker version #显示docker的版本信息。 docker info #显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量 docker 命令 --help #帮助命令 [root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker search --helpUsage: docker search [OPTIONS] TERMSearch the Do.
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