我们将探讨Python编程的八大核心知识点,包括:基础语法、函数和模块、面向对象编程、文件操作、异常处理、数据结构和算法、网络编程、数据库编程,并提供多个实例代码,帮助读者更好地理解和运用这些知识点,快速领会python主要内容。
第一部分:基础语法
1. 变量的定义与使用
name = "John"
age = 25
2. 数据类型操作
num1 = 10
num2 = 5
result = num1 + num2
print(result)
3. 条件语句
score = 85
if score >= 90:
print("优秀")
elif score >= 80:
print("良好")
else:
print("及格")
4. 循环结构
for i in range(1, 6):
print(i)
第二部分:函数和模块
1. 函数的定义与调用
def add(a, b):
return a + b
result = add(3, 4)
print(result)
2. 参数传递
def greet(name):
print("Hello, " + name)
greet("Alice")
3. 创建和使用模块
# math_utils.py
def square(num):
return num ** 2
# main.py
import math_utils
result = math_utils.square(5)
print(result)
第三部分:面向对象编程
1. 类的定义和使用
class Person:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def greet(self):
print("Hello, my name is " + self.name)
person = Person("John")
person.greet()
2. 对象的创建和操作
class Circle:
def __init__(self, radius):
self.radius = radius
def area(self):
return 3.14 * self.radius ** 2
circle = Circle(5)
print(circle.area())
3. 继承和多态
class Animal:
def sound(self):
pass
class Dog(Animal):
def sound(self):
print("Woof!")
class Cat(Animal):
def sound(self):
print("Meow!")
dog = Dog()
cat = Cat()
dog.sound()
cat.sound()
第四部分:文件操作
1. 读取文件
with open("data.txt", "r") as file:
data = file.read()
print(data)
2. 写入文件
with open("output.txt", "w") as file:
file.write("Hello, World!")
第五部分:异常处理
1. 捕获和处理异常
try:
num = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Cannot divide by zero.")
2. 优雅地处理错误
def divide(a, b):
try:
result = a / b
except ZeroDivisionError:
result = None
finally:
return result
print(divide(10, 2))
print(divide(10, 0))
第六部分:数据结构和算法
1. 列表操作
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(len(numbers))
print(numbers[2])
2. 字典操作
person = {"name": "John", "age": 25}
print(person["name"])
print(person.get("age"))
3. 排序算法
numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1, 9]
numbers.sort()
print(numbers)
第七部分:网络编程
1. Socket编程
import socket
server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
server_socket.bind(("localhost", 8080))
server_socket.listen(1)
client_socket, address = server_socket.accept()
print("Connection from: " + str(address))
client_socket.close()
server_socket.close()
2. HTTP协议应用
import requests
response = requests.get("https://www.example.com")
print(response.text)
第八部分:数据库编程
1. 访问数据库
import sqlite3
connection = sqlite3.connect("database.db")
cursor = connection.cursor()
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM students")
data = cursor.fetchall()
for row in data:
print(row)
connection.close()
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