oracle12c安装，连接，使用等

1.  oracle12c的安装

参照如下链接：

http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/f96699bbab21c0894e3c1bf8.html

2. 连接数据库时，出现ORA-12514错误。

解决方案参考如下链接：

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_6f7b73770101b6l5.html

1）确保Oracle 基本服务都已启动

    OracleDBConsoleorcl

    OracleOraDb11g_home1TNSListener

    OracleServiceORCL

2）打开命令行，使用 sqlplus nokia_user/oracle@202.206.0.233/orcl 命令登录 oracle ，显示如下：

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>sqlplus nokia_user/oracle@202.206.0.233/orcl

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期五 12月 23 10:37:52 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:
ORA-12541: TNS: 无监听程序

在ORA-12541: TNS: 无监听程序 错误下，无论是否在本地登录都是会提示ORA-12541: TNS: 无监听程序错误的

3）在命令行中，执行lsnrctl status

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 23-12月-2011 09:27:35

Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

正在连接到 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
LISTENER 的 STATUS
------------------------
别名                      LISTENER
版本                      TNSLSNR for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
启动日期                  23-12月-2011 09:17:19
正常运行时间              0 天 0 小时 10 分 16 秒
跟踪级别                  off
安全性                    ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
监听程序参数文件         C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\listener.ora
监听程序日志文件          c:\program_files\oracle\database_11g_r2\diag\tnslsnr\dbserver-7ec4a9\listener\alert\log.xml
监听端点概要...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(PIPENAME=\\.\pipe\EXTPROC1521ipc)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=1521)))
服务摘要..
服务 "CLRExtProc" 包含 1 个实例。
  实例 "CLRExtProc", 状态 UNKNOWN, 包含此服务的 1 个处理程序...
服务 "orcl" 包含 1 个实例。
  实例 "orcl", 状态 READY, 包含此服务的 1 个处理程序...
服务 "orclXDB" 包含 1 个实例。
  实例 "orcl", 状态 READY, 包含此服务的 1 个处理程序...
命令执行成功

在这里可以看到监听程序参数文件的位置

4）修改监听程序参数文件

初次打开时，内容如下

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = CLRExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
      (ENVS = "EXTPROC_DLLS=ONLY:C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\bin\oraclr11.dll")
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =localhost)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2

修改为：

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = orcl)
      (ORACLE_HOME = C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1)
      #(PROGRAM = extproc)
      (ENVS = "EXTPROC_DLLS=ONLY:C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\bin\oraclr11.dll")
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = orcl))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =202.206.0.233)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2

SID_NAME，KEY 的值修改为要访问的oracle实例的名称，HOST 修为 oracle 服务器使用的地址

5）重启listener,在命令行中依次执行 lsnrctl stop，lsnrctl start

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>lsnrctl stop

LSNRCTL for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 23-12月-2011 09:46:17

Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

正在连接到 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=orcl)))
TNS-12541: TNS: 无监听程序
 TNS-12560: TNS: 协议适配器错误
  TNS-00511: 无监听程序
   32-bit Windows Error: 2: No such file or directory
正在连接到 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=202.206.0.233)(PORT=1521)))
命令执行成功

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 23-12月-2011 09:46:31

Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

启动tnslsnr: 请稍候...

TNSLSNR for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
系统参数文件为C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\listener.ora
写入c:\program_files\oracle\database_11g_r2\diag\tnslsnr\dbserver-7ec4a9\listener\alert\log.xml的日志信息
监听: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(PIPENAME=\\.\pipe\orclipc)))
监听: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=202.206.0.233)(PORT=1521)))

正在连接到 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=orcl)))
LISTENER 的 STATUS
------------------------
别名                      LISTENER
版本                      TNSLSNR for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
启动日期                  23-12月-2011 09:46:34
正常运行时间              0 天 0 小时 0 分 3 秒
跟踪级别                  off
安全性                    ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
监听程序参数文件         C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\listener.ora
监听程序日志文件          c:\program_files\oracle\database_11g_r2\diag\tnslsnr\dbserver-7ec4a9\listener\alert\log.xml
监听端点概要...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(PIPENAME=\\.\pipe\orclipc)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=202.206.0.233)(PORT=1521)))
服务摘要..
服务 "orcl" 包含 1 个实例。
  实例 "orcl", 状态 UNKNOWN, 包含此服务的 1 个处理程序...
命令执行成功

6）查看状态 lsnrctl start

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 23-12月-2011 09:46:31

Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

启动tnslsnr: 请稍候...

TNSLSNR for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
系统参数文件为C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\listener.ora
写入c:\program_files\oracle\database_11g_r2\diag\tnslsnr\dbserver-7ec4a9\listener\alert\log.xml的日志信息
监听: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(PIPENAME=\\.\pipe\orclipc)))
监听: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=202.206.0.233)(PORT=1521)))

正在连接到 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=orcl)))
LISTENER 的 STATUS
------------------------
别名                      LISTENER
版本                      TNSLSNR for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
启动日期                  23-12月-2011 09:46:34
正常运行时间              0 天 0 小时 0 分 3 秒
跟踪级别                  off
安全性                    ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
监听程序参数文件         C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\listener.ora
监听程序日志文件          c:\program_files\oracle\database_11g_r2\diag\tnslsnr\dbserver-7ec4a9\listener\alert\log.xml
监听端点概要...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(PIPENAME=\\.\pipe\orclipc)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=202.206.0.233)(PORT=1521)))
服务摘要..
服务 "orcl" 包含 1 个实例。
  实例 "orcl", 状态 UNKNOWN, 包含此服务的 1 个处理程序...
命令执行成功

7）再次登录 sqlplus nokia_user/oracle@202.206.0.233/orcl

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>sqlplus nokia_user/oracle@202.206.0.233/orcl

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期五 12月 23 11:06:28 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


连接到:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL>

出现上面信息说明登录成功

3. 如果要使用VS连携技能，即DDEX技能，需安装

Oracle Developer Tools for Visual Studio xxxxxx组件，此组件在Oracle搜索ODT找到，例以下链接中的软件。

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/dotnet/utilsoft-086879.html

4. TNS形式的DataSource的建立：

 在
xx\product\12.1.0\client_1\Network\Admin下tnsnames.ora中添加。例：

oracle12c =
   (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 193.160.18.91)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl) 
    )
  )

ODTwithODAC121021.zip