今天晚上水课时候同学给发来一道十分阴间的题，
当然可能我这种菜鸡觉得阴间有些大佬觉得已经够简单了，但是我还是这么不要脸的发出来，也算水水活跃度
第一次写出来小错不断，这水博客时候又改了改，但是不免有错，所以如果有错请诸位大佬不吝赐教
这关键是里面那个乘积挺难处理的，下面处理一下
引理1
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cos
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x^{2n+1}-1=(x-1)(x-\alpha_1)(x-\alpha_2)....(x-\alpha_{n-1})\\ =(x-1)\prod_{k=1}^{n}(x^2-2x\cos \frac{2k\pi}{2n+1}+1)
x2n+1−1=(x−1)(x−α1)(x−α2)....(x−αn−1)=(x−1)k=1∏n(x2−2xcos2n+12kπ+1)
这个比较好证明，把复数根全求出来而后首位配对
同理
x
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∏
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cos
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x^{2n}-1=(x-1)(x+1)\prod_{k=1}^{n-1}(x^2-2x\cos \frac{k\pi}{n})
x2n−1=(x−1)(x+1)k=1∏n−1(x2−2xcosnkπ)
引理2
cos
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cos
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\cos\frac{\pi}{2n+1}\cos \frac{2\pi}{2n+1}....\cos \frac{n\pi}{2n+1}=\frac{1}{2^n}
cos2n+1πcos2n+12π....cos2n+1nπ=2n1
引理1中带进去
x
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x=-1
x=−1
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⇒
1
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2
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cos
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⇒
1
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cos
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⇒
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-2=(-2)\prod_{k=1}^{n}(2+2\cos \frac{2k\pi}{2n+1})\Rightarrow \\1=\prod_{k=1}^{n}(2+2\cos \frac{2k\pi}{2n+1})\Rightarrow\\ \frac{1}{2^n}=\prod_{k=1}^{n}(1+\cos \frac{2k\pi}{2n+1})\Rightarrow\\ \prod_{k=1}^{n}\cos \frac{k\pi}{2n+1}=\frac{1}{2^n}
−2=(−2)k=1∏n(2+2cos2n+12kπ)⇒1=k=1∏n(2+2cos2n+12kπ)⇒2n1=k=1∏n(1+cos2n+12kπ)⇒k=1∏ncos2n+1kπ=2n1
下面开始变形
∏
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1
2
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cos
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π
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∏
k
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1
n
cos
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∏
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2
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cos
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\prod_{k=1}^{2n}\cos \frac{k\pi}{2n+1}=\prod_{k=1}^{n}\cos \frac{k\pi}{2n+1}\prod_{k=n+1}^{2n}\cos \frac{k\pi}{2n+1}
k=1∏2ncos2n+1kπ=k=1∏ncos2n+1kπk=n+1∏2ncos2n+1kπ
其中
∏
k
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2
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cos
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π
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k
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1
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sin
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π
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k
π
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=
sin
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sin
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sin
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π
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∏
k
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sin
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π
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⋅
sin
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\\\prod_{k=n+1}^{2n}\cos \frac{k\pi}{2n+1}=\prod_{k=n+1}^{2n}\sin (\frac{\pi}{2}-\frac{k\pi}{2n+1}） \\=\sin \frac{-\pi}{4n+2}\sin\frac{-3\pi}{4n+2}...\sin \frac{-(2n+1)\pi}{4n+2}\\=(-1)^n\prod_{k=1}^{n}\sin\frac{(2k-1)\pi}{4n+2}·\sin \frac{\pi}{2}·(-1)
k=n+1∏2ncos2n+1kπ=k=n+1∏2nsin(2π−2n+1kπ）=sin4n+2−πsin4n+2−3π...sin4n+2−(2n+1)π=(−1)nk=1∏nsin4n+2(2k−1)π⋅sin2π⋅(−1)
由引理1的做法
x
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x
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cos
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π
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x^{2m}+1=\prod_{k=1}^{n}(x^2-2x\cos\frac{(2k-1)\pi}{2n+1}+1)
x2m+1=k=1∏n(x2−2xcos2n+1(2k−1)π+1)
带入
x
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x=1
x=1
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k
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2
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cos
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π
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1
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1
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1
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sin
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π
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2=\prod_{k=1}^{n}(2-2\cos\frac{(2k-1)\pi}{2n+1})\\ \frac{1}{2^{n-1}}=\prod_{k=1}^{n}(1-(1-2\sin^2\frac{(2k-1)\pi}{4n+2}))
2=k=1∏n(2−2cos2n+1(2k−1)π)2n−11=k=1∏n(1−(1−2sin24n+2(2k−1)π))
下面就好弄了
参考书：丘砖
390
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