【Java工兵】浅拷贝和深拷贝

本文将简单介绍java中对象的浅拷贝和深拷贝知识点！

Java中通过对象的clone方法可以复制对象，而clone方法在Object里定义的，是一个protected类型的方法，只有实现了Cloneable（java.lang.Cloneable）接口，该类对象才能调用clone方法，否则抛出异常。

1.浅拷贝

对象经过浅拷贝，基本类型的属性会拷贝值，引用类型的属性会拷贝引用。因此修改引用类型的属性值会影响另一对象！

示例代码

package com.test;

public class ShallowCopyTest {

	static class Country
	{
		String name;
		
		Country(String name)
		{
			this.name = name;
		}
	}
	
	static class Person implements Cloneable
	{
		String name;
		int age;
		
		Country country;
		
		Person(String name, int age, Country country)
		{
			this.name = name;
			this.age = age;
			this.country = country;
		}
		
		@Override
		public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
			return super.clone();
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Person zhangsan = new Person("zhangsan", 24, new Country("China"));
		System.out.println("zhangsan - " + zhangsan.name + ":" + zhangsan.age + ":" + zhangsan.country.name);
		try {
			Person tom = (Person) zhangsan.clone();
			
			System.out.println("tom - " + tom.name + ":" + tom.age + ":" + tom.country.name);
			tom.name = "tom";
			tom.age = 21;
			tom.country.name = "USA";
			
			System.out.println("----------after----------");
			System.out.println("zhangsan - " + zhangsan.name + ":" + zhangsan.age + ":" + zhangsan.country.name);
			System.out.println("tom - " + tom.name + ":" + tom.age + ":" + tom.country.name);
		} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

}

打印结果

zhangsan - zhangsan:24:China
tom - zhangsan:24:China
----------after----------
zhangsan - zhangsan:24:USA
tom - tom:21:USA

2.深拷贝

对象经过深拷贝，基本类型的属性会拷贝值，引用类型所指向的对象内容也会拷贝一份。因此修改引用类型的属性值不会影响另一对象！

示例代码

package com.test;

public class DeepCopyTest {

	static class Country implements Cloneable
	{
		String name;
		
		Country(String name)
		{
			this.name = name;
		}
		
		@Override
		public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
			return super.clone();
		}
	}
	
	static class Person implements Cloneable
	{
		String name;
		int age;
		
		Country country;
		
		Person(String name, int age, Country country)
		{
			this.name = name;
			this.age = age;
			this.country = country;
		}
		
		@Override
		public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
			Person obj = (Person) super.clone();
			obj.country = (Country) this.country.clone();
			return obj;
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Person zhangsan = new Person("zhangsan", 24, new Country("China"));
		System.out.println("zhangsan - " + zhangsan.name + ":" + zhangsan.age + ":" + zhangsan.country.name);
		try {
			Person tom = (Person) zhangsan.clone();
			
			System.out.println("tom - " + tom.name + ":" + tom.age + ":" + tom.country.name);
			tom.name = "tom";
			tom.age = 21;
			tom.country.name = "USA";
			
			System.out.println("----------after----------");
			System.out.println("zhangsan - " + zhangsan.name + ":" + zhangsan.age + ":" + zhangsan.country.name);
			System.out.println("tom - " + tom.name + ":" + tom.age + ":" + tom.country.name);
		} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

}

打印结果

zhangsan - zhangsan:24:China
tom - zhangsan:24:China
----------after----------
zhangsan - zhangsan:24:China
tom - tom:21:USA