Java容器学习笔记（1）

Iterable

public interface Iterable<T> {
    //得到一个迭代器
    Iterator<T> iterator();

    //这个函数很好用不用写for循环了
    default void forEach(Consumer<? super T> action) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(action);
        for (T t : this) {
            action.accept(t);
        }
    }

    //这个还不太懂，对Spliterator还不了解
    default Spliterator<T> spliterator() {
        return Spliterators.spliteratorUnknownSize(iterator(), 0);
    }
}

Collection

public interface Collection<E> extends Iterable<E> {
    //这些都是我们实用list等等很常用的接口，原来在这里
    int size();
    boolean isEmpty();
    boolean contains(Object o);
    Iterator<E> iterator();
    Object[] toArray();
    <T> T[] toArray(T[] a);
    boolean add(E e);
    boolean remove(Object o);
    boolean containsAll(Collection<?> c);
    boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c);
    boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c);
    //过滤集合
    default boolean removeIf(Predicate<? super E> filter) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(filter);
        boolean removed = false;
        final Iterator<E> each = iterator();
        while (each.hasNext()) {
            if (filter.test(each.next())) {
                each.remove();
                removed = true;
            }
        }
        return removed;
    }
    //从这个集合中移除输入集合中没有的元素
    boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c);
    void clear();
    boolean equals(Object o);
    int hashCode();
    //下面这三个是1.8新加的，还不太了解
    @Override
    default Spliterator<E> spliterator() {
        return Spliterators.spliterator(this, 0);
    }

    default Stream<E> stream() {
        return StreamSupport.stream(spliterator(), false);
    }

    default Stream<E> parallelStream() {
        return StreamSupport.stream(spliterator(), true);
    }
}

List

public interface List<E> extends Collection<E> {
    //我们经常使用的方法
    int size();
    boolean isEmpty();
    boolean contains(Object o);
    Iterator<E> iterator();
    Object[] toArray();
    <T> T[] toArray(T[] a);
    boolean add(E e);
    boolean remove(Object o);

    //对集合的操作
    boolean containsAll(Collection<?> c);
    boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c);
    boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c);
    boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c);
    boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c);

    //1.8新增  替换方法
    default void replaceAll(UnaryOperator<E> operator) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(operator);
        final ListIterator<E> li = this.listIterator();
        while (li.hasNext()) {
            li.set(operator.apply(li.next()));
        }
    }
    //排序
    @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
    default void sort(Comparator<? super E> c) {
        Object[] a = this.toArray();
        Arrays.sort(a, (Comparator) c);
        ListIterator<E> i = this.listIterator();
        for (Object e : a) {
            i.next();
            i.set((E) e);
        }
    }

    void clear();

    // Comparison and hashing
    boolean equals(Object o);
    int hashCode();

    // Positional Access Operations
    E get(int index);
    E set(int index, E element);
    void add(int index, E element);
    E remove(int index);

    // Search Operations
    int indexOf(Object o);
    int lastIndexOf(Object o);

    // List Iterators
    ListIterator<E> listIterator();
    ListIterator<E> listIterator(int index);

    // View
    List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex);
    //1.8
    @Override
    default Spliterator<E> spliterator() {
        return Spliterators.spliterator(this, Spliterator.ORDERED);
    }
}

Set

public interface Set<E> extends Collection<E> {
    // Query Operations
    int size();
    boolean isEmpty();
    boolean contains(Object o);
    Iterator<E> iterator();
    Object[] toArray();
    <T> T[] toArray(T[] a);

    // Modification Operations
    boolean add(E e);
    boolean remove(Object o);

    // Bulk Operations
    boolean containsAll(Collection<?> c);
    boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c);
    boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c);
    boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c);
    void clear();

    // Comparison and hashing    
    boolean equals(Object o);
    int hashCode();
    @Override
    default Spliterator<E> spliterator() {
        return Spliterators.spliterator(this, Spliterator.DISTINCT);
    }
}

Iterator

public interface Iterator<E> {

    boolean hasNext();
    E next();

    default void remove() {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("remove");
    }

    //1.8新增
    default void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super E> action) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(action);
        while (hasNext())
            action.accept(next());
    }
}

ListIterator

public interface ListIterator<E> extends Iterator<E> {
    // Query Operations
    boolean hasNext();
    E next();
    boolean hasPrevious();
    E previous();  //上一个
    int nextIndex();
    int previousIndex();

    // Modification Operations
    void remove();
    void set(E e);
    void add(E e);
}

Map

public interface Map<K,V> {
    // Query Operations
    int size();
    boolean isEmpty();
    boolean containsKey(Object key);
    boolean containsValue(Object value);
    V get(Object key);

    // Modification Operations
    V put(K key, V value);
    V remove(Object key);

    // Bulk Operations
    void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m);
    void clear();

    // Views
    Set<K> keySet();
    Collection<V> values();
    Set<Map.Entry<K, V>> entrySet();
    interface Entry<K,V> {
        K getKey();
        V getValue();
        V setValue(V value);
        boolean equals(Object o);
        int hashCode();

        public static <K extends Comparable<? super K>, V> Comparator<Map.Entry<K,V>> comparingByKey() {
            return (Comparator<Map.Entry<K, V>> & Serializable)
                (c1, c2) -> c1.getKey().compareTo(c2.getKey());
        }
        public static <K, V extends Comparable<? super V>> Comparator<Map.Entry<K,V>> comparingByValue() {
            return (Comparator<Map.Entry<K, V>> & Serializable)
                (c1, c2) -> c1.getValue().compareTo(c2.getValue());
        }
        public static <K, V> Comparator<Map.Entry<K, V>> comparingByKey(Comparator<? super K> cmp) {
            Objects.requireNonNull(cmp);
            return (Comparator<Map.Entry<K, V>> & Serializable)
                (c1, c2) -> cmp.compare(c1.getKey(), c2.getKey());
        }

        public static <K, V> Comparator<Map.Entry<K, V>> comparingByValue(Comparator<? super V> cmp) {
            Objects.requireNonNull(cmp);
            return (Comparator<Map.Entry<K, V>> & Serializable)
                (c1, c2) -> cmp.compare(c1.getValue(), c2.getValue());
        }
    }

    // Comparison and hashing
    boolean equals(Object o);
    int hashCode();

    // Defaultable methods
    //1.8新增
    default V getOrDefault(Object key, V defaultValue) {
        V v;
        return (((v = get(key)) != null) || containsKey(key))
            ? v
            : defaultValue;
    }
    //1.8
    default void forEach(BiConsumer<? super K, ? super V> action) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(action);
        for (Map.Entry<K, V> entry : entrySet()) {
            K k;
            V v;
            try {
                k = entry.getKey();
                v = entry.getValue();
            } catch(IllegalStateException ise) {
                // this usually means the entry is no longer in the map.
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException(ise);
            }
            action.accept(k, v);
        }
    }
    //1.8
    default void replaceAll(BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> function) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(function);
        for (Map.Entry<K, V> entry : entrySet()) {
            K k;
            V v;
            try {
                k = entry.getKey();
                v = entry.getValue();
            } catch(IllegalStateException ise) {
                // this usually means the entry is no longer in the map.
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException(ise);
            }

            // ise thrown from function is not a cme.
            v = function.apply(k, v);

            try {
                entry.setValue(v);
            } catch(IllegalStateException ise) {
                // this usually means the entry is no longer in the map.
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException(ise);
            }
        }
    }
    //好方法，不用每次都去判断map中是否包含此值
    default V putIfAbsent(K key, V value) {
        V v = get(key);
        if (v == null) {
            v = put(key, value);
        }

        return v;
    }

    default boolean remove(Object key, Object value) {
        Object curValue = get(key);
        if (!Objects.equals(curValue, value) ||
            (curValue == null && !containsKey(key))) {
            return false;
        }
        remove(key);
        return true;
    }

    default boolean replace(K key, V oldValue, V newValue) {
        Object curValue = get(key);
        if (!Objects.equals(curValue, oldValue) ||
            (curValue == null && !containsKey(key))) {
            return false;
        }
        put(key, newValue);
        return true;
    }

    default V replace(K key, V value) {
        V curValue;
        if (((curValue = get(key)) != null) || containsKey(key)) {
            curValue = put(key, value);
        }
        return curValue;
    }
    //如果不存在，计算key，并加入
    default V computeIfAbsent(K key,
            Function<? super K, ? extends V> mappingFunction) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(mappingFunction);
        V v;
        if ((v = get(key)) == null) {
            V newValue;
            if ((newValue = mappingFunction.apply(key)) != null) {
                put(key, newValue);
                return newValue;
            }
        }

        return v;
    }
    //和上面的反之
    default V computeIfPresent(K key,
            BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(remappingFunction);
        V oldValue;
        if ((oldValue = get(key)) != null) {
            V newValue = remappingFunction.apply(key, oldValue);
            if (newValue != null) {
                put(key, newValue);
                return newValue;
            } else {
                remove(key);
                return null;
            }
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }

    default V compute(K key,
            BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(remappingFunction);
        V oldValue = get(key);

        V newValue = remappingFunction.apply(key, oldValue);
        if (newValue == null) {
            // delete mapping
            if (oldValue != null || containsKey(key)) {
                // something to remove
                remove(key);
                return null;
            } else {
                // nothing to do. Leave things as they were.
                return null;
            }
        } else {
            // add or replace old mapping
            put(key, newValue);
            return newValue;
        }
    }

    default V merge(K key, V value,
            BiFunction<? super V, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(remappingFunction);
        Objects.requireNonNull(value);
        V oldValue = get(key);
        V newValue = (oldValue == null) ? value :
                   remappingFunction.apply(oldValue, value);
        if(newValue == null) {
            remove(key);
        } else {
            put(key, newValue);
        }
        return newValue;
    }
}

Enumeration

public interface Enumeration<E> {
    boolean hasMoreElements();
    E nextElement();
}

我们常用的容器基本上列的差不多了。以上接口中其实给出了我们在使用容器时所能用到的方法。以前不常用的都备注了。
他们的关系理一下。

其实里面我们常用的容器是List,Set,Map，List,Set都是继承的Collection接口，表明都是容器，List表示一个列表，而Set表示一个集合，列表中可以有重复的，而集合中是没有重复元素的。独立于Collection存在的Map里面包涵一个Entry接口，正式通过Entry来做键值对应的。Map中可以通过方法得到值的Collection，实现从Map到Collection的转化。
Iterable我把他理解为可Iterator化。也就是我们Collection都可Iterator化，可以通过一个Iterator（迭代器）来遍历，而Map可以先转化成Collection，再来使用Iterator遍历。
关系理清了，明天去看实现的代码。