some access to reading a string from istream

recently, i'm confused of how to read a string

firstly, i try to define a string variable, and struggle to gain it from istream, like below:

    string str;

    cin>>str;  //but it turns out there is not an operator like ">>" to string;

    scanf("%s",&str);  // to function "scanf", if seting "%s" as controler, the variable must be with argument  of "char *";

                                //gets_s() is improper,too;

secondly, waitting to be added;

finally, I think of a new way, maybe it's writen by someone else, I want to show it as below:

    string str;

    char ch;

    while(ch=getchar())   

    {

        if(ch=='\n')

            break;

        str+=ch;

    }

after all these have been done, we can easily get string with freewill length! bingo!!

       last but not least, if we want to output one string with cout, a format is needed, "cout<<str.c_str()<<endl;";