Android文件读写

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-05 03:20:16 发布

changchou

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-05 03:20:16 发布

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分类专栏： Android

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/changchou/article/details/53701225

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1.assets

assets文件在main文件夹中与java、res同级，assets的文件不会在R资源中生成id，目录中可以有子文件夹，文件不会被编译成二进制，存放到这里的资源在运行打包的时候都会打入程序安装包中。读取方法如下：

try {
                    InputStream is = getResources().getAssets().open("info.txt");
                    InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is,"UTF-8");
                    BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
//                    Log.i(TAG,br.readLine());
                    String in = "";
                    while ((in = br.readLine()) != null){
//                        Log.i(TAG,in);
                        System.out.println(in);
                    }



                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

2.raw

raw文件夹在res目录中，不能有子文件夹，会在R资源中生成id，不会被编译成二进制，这些资源在打包时只打包使用过的资源到安装包中。读取如下：

try {
                    InputStream is = getResources().openRawResource(R.raw.info);
                    InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8");
                    BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
                    String in = "";
                    while ((in = br.readLine()) != null) {
//                        Log.i(TAG, in);
                        System.out.println(in);
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

3.android内部储存文件数据

android系统中会在data/data/app包名的文件夹中存储应用数据。例如我们将EditText输入的数据储存在其中：

try {
    FileOutputStream fos = openFileOutput(fileName, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
    /**
     * Context.MODE_PRIVATE
     * 默认操作模式，代表该文件是私有数据，只能被应用本身访问，在该模式下，
     * 写入的内容会覆盖原文件的内容
     *
     * Context.MODE_APPEND
     * 检查文件是否存在，存在就往文件追加内容，否则就创建新文件。
     *
     */
    OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(fos, "UTF-8");
    osw.write(editText.getText().toString());
    osw.flush();
    fos.flush();
    osw.close();
    fos.close();
    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "写入完成", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

读取时：

try {
    FileInputStream fis = openFileInput(fileName);
    InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(fis,"UTF-8");
    char input[] = new char[fis.available()];
    isr.read(input);
    isr.close();
    fis.close();
    String readed = new String(input);
    tvShow.setText(readed);
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

4.android外部储存

比较常用的存储方式，同样我们将EditText输入的内容以文件的形式存储的手机中：

 		File sdCard = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
                File myFile = new File(sdCard,"This is my file.txt");
                if (sdCard.exists()){
                    try {
                        myFile.createNewFile();
//                        System.out.println(myFile.getAbsolutePath());
                        Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"文件创建完成",Toast.LENGTH_S				HORT).show();
                        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(myFile);
                        OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(fos,"UTF-8");
                        osw.write(editText.getText().toString());
                        osw.flush();
                        osw.close();
                        fos.close();
                        Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"文件写入完成",Toast.LENGTH_S				HORT).show();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }

                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"当前系统不具备SD卡目录",Toast.LE			NGTH_SHORT).show();
                }

读取内容：

File myFile = new File(sdCard,"This is my file.txt");
if (myFile.exists()){
    try {
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(myFile);
        InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(fis,"UTF-8");
        char input[] = new char[fis.available()];
        isr.read(input);
        isr.close();
        fis.close();
        String in = new String(input);
        tvShow.setText(in);
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5.SharedPreferences（题外）

sharedpreferences是一种简单的数据储存方式，将数据以键值对存储在/data/data/包名/shared_prefs下的xml文件中。使用如下：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private EditText editText;
    SharedPreferences preferences;
    SharedPreferences.Editor editor;
    static final String KEY = "MyValue";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        preferences = getPreferences(Activity.MODE_PRIVATE);
        editor = preferences.edit();
        editText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText);

        findViewById(R.id.btnWrite).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                editor.putString(KEY, editText.getText().toString());
                if (editor.commit()) {
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "写入成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).			show();
                }
            }
        });

        findViewById(R.id.btnRead).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                String in = preferences.getString(KEY, "当前数值不存在");//getString(String 		key,String defValue)  String defValue  如果key对应的值不存在，则传入defValue
                Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), in, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
    }
}

sharedpreferences还可以用在应用的首选项上：

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.preference.CheckBoxPreference;
import android.preference.EditTextPreference;
import android.preference.ListPreference;
import android.preference.PreferenceActivity;
import android.preference.PreferenceManager;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MyPreferenceActivity extends PreferenceActivity {

//    CheckBoxPreference
//    ListPreference
//    EditTextPreference

    PreferenceManager manager;
    CheckBoxPreference checkBoxPreference;
    ListPreference listPreference;
    EditTextPreference editTextPreference;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.mypreference);

        manager = getPreferenceManager();
        checkBoxPreference = (CheckBoxPreference) manager.findPreference("checkbox");
        Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "当前的状态为：" + checkBoxPreference.isChecked(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

        listPreference = (ListPreference) manager.findPreference("list");
        Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), listPreference.getEntry() + "的开发环境：" + listPreference.getValue(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

        editTextPreference = (EditTextPreference) manager.findPreference("text");
        Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "您输入的内容为：" + editTextPreference.getText(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

R.xml.mypreference是放在res目录中的xml文件夹中的mypreference.xml，内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<PreferenceScreen xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">

    <CheckBoxPreference
        android:key="checkbox"
        android:summaryOff="已经关闭"
        android:summaryOn="已经开启"
        android:title="是否开启" />

    <ListPreference
        android:entries="@array/entries"
        android:entryValues="@array/values"
        android:key="list"
        android:summary="请点击选择"
        android:title="选择一个选项" />

    <EditTextPreference
        android:dialogMessage="有劳了"
        android:dialogTitle="请输入你的名字"
        android:key="text"
        android:summary="请再次输入"
        android:title="请输入" />

</PreferenceScreen>

ListPreference的resources内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <string-array name="entries">
        <item>Java</item>
        <item>Swift</item>
        <item>C#</item>
    </string-array>

    <string-array name="values">
        <item>Eclipse</item>
        <item>Xcode</item>
        <item>Visual Studio</item>
    </string-array>
</resources>

6.xml数据的读写

在assets文件夹中有一份xml文件，如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Languages cat="it">
    <lan id="1">
        <name>Java</name>
        <ide>Eclipse</ide>
    </lan>
    <lan id="2">
        <name>Swift</name>
        <ide>Xcode</ide>
    </lan>
    <lan id="3">
        <name>C#</name>
        <ide>Visual Studio</ide>
    </lan>
</Languages>

除了各种开源库外，Android 有自己的API来解析xml文件，如下：

TextView textView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv);

//读取xml文件
try {
    DocumentBuilderFactory builderFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
    DocumentBuilder builder = builderFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
    Document document = builder.parse(getAssets().open("languages.xml"));
    Element element = document.getDocumentElement();
    NodeList list = element.getElementsByTagName("lan");
    for (int i = 0; i < list.getLength(); i++) {
        Element lan = (Element) list.item(i);
        textView.append(lan.getAttribute("id")+"\n");
        textView.append(lan.getElementsByTagName("name").item(0).getTextContent()+"\n");
        textView.append(lan.getElementsByTagName("ide").item(0).getTextContent()+"\n");
    }
} catch (IOException | ParserConfigurationException | SAXException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}


//写入xml文件
try {
    DocumentBuilderFactory builderFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
    DocumentBuilder builder = builderFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
    Document documentXML = builder.newDocument();
    Element element = documentXML.createElement("country");
    element.setAttribute("cat", "it");
    //添加里面
    //第一个
    Element coun1 = documentXML.createElement("coun");
    coun1.setAttribute("id", "1");
    Element name1 = documentXML.createElement("name");
    name1.setTextContent("China");
    Element lan1 = documentXML.createElement("language");
    lan1.setTextContent("Chinese");
    coun1.appendChild(name1);
    coun1.appendChild(lan1);
    element.appendChild(coun1);
    //第二个
    Element coun2 = documentXML.createElement("coun");
    coun2.setAttribute("id", "2");
    Element name2 = documentXML.createElement("name");
    name2.setTextContent("America");
    Element lan2 = documentXML.createElement("language");
    lan2.setTextContent("English");
    coun2.appendChild(name2);
    coun2.appendChild(lan2);
    element.appendChild(coun2);
    //
    documentXML.appendChild(element);

    TransformerFactory transformerFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
    Transformer transformer = transformerFactory.newTransformer();
    transformer.setOutputProperty("encoding", "UTF-8");
    StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
    transformer.transform(new DOMSource(documentXML),new StreamResult(sw));

    textView.setText(sw.toString());
} catch (ParserConfigurationException | TransformerException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

7.Json数据读取

同样解析assets文件夹下的json文件，需要要Gson之类的解析库，直接利用Android API，JSONObject json = new JSONObject（传入json的Sting内容），具体如下：

json文件：

{
  "language":[
    {"id":1,"ide":"Eclipse","name":"Java"},
    {"id":2,"ide":"Xcode","name":"Swift"},
    {"id":3,"ide":"Visual Studio","name":"C#"}
  ],
  "cat":"it"
}

解析：

//读取数据
try {
    InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(getAssets().open("test.json"), "UTF-8");
    BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
    String line;
    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
    while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
        builder.append(line);
    }
    br.close();
    isr.close();
    JSONObject root = new JSONObject(builder.toString());
    System.out.println("cat = " + root.getString("cat"));
    JSONArray array = root.getJSONArray("language");
    for (int i=0;i<array.length();i++){
        JSONObject lan = array.getJSONObject(i);
        System.out.println("---------------------------------");
        System.out.println("id = " + lan.getInt("id"));
        System.out.println("ide = " + lan.getString("ide"));
        System.out.println("name = " + lan.getString("name"));
    }
} catch (IOException | JSONException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

//写入数据

try {
    JSONObject root = new JSONObject();
    root.put("cat","it");

    //创建单个对象 {"id":1,"ide":"Eclipse","name":"Java"}
    JSONObject lan1 = new JSONObject();
    lan1.put("id",1);
    lan1.put("ide","Eclipse");
    lan1.put("name","Java");

    //{"id":2,"ide":"Xcode","name":"Swift"}
    JSONObject lan2 = new JSONObject();
    lan2.put("id",2);
    lan2.put("ide","Xcode");
    lan2.put("name","Swift");

    //{"id":3,"ide":"Visual Studio","name":"C#"}
    JSONObject lan3 = new JSONObject();
    lan3.put("id",3);
    lan3.put("ide","Visual Studio");
    lan3.put("name","C#");

    //JSON数据添加单个对象
    JSONArray array = new JSONArray();
    array.put(lan1);
    array.put(lan2);
    array.put(lan3);

    root.put("langusges",array);

    System.out.println(root.toString());

} catch (JSONException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}