BeautifulSoup
BeautifulSoup类的构造
>>> import requests
>>> r=requests.get(url)
>>> r.text
'<html><head><title>This is a python demo page</title></head>\r\n<body>\r\n<p class="title"><b>The demo python introduces several python courses.</b></p>\r\n<p class="course">Python is a wonderful general-purpose programming language. You can learn Python from novice to professional by tracking the following courses:\r\n<a href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-268001" class="py1" id="link1">Basic Python</a> and <a href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-1001870001" class="py2" id="link2">Advanced Python</a>.</p>\r\n</body></html>'
>>> from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
>>> soup = BeautifulSoup(r.text,'html.parser')
>>> print(soup.prettify()) #soup.prettify()为HTML文本智能添加换行缩进,增强可读性
<html>
<head>
<title>
This is a python demo page
</title>
</head>
<body>
<p class="title">
<b>
The demo python introduces several python courses.
</b>
</p>
<p class="course">
Python is a wonderful general-purpose programming language. You can learn Python from novice to professional by tracking the following courses:
<a class="py1" href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-268001" id="link1">
Basic Python
</a>
and
<a class="py2" href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-1001870001" id="link2">
Advanced Python
</a>
.
</p>
</body>
</html>
>>>
解析器 | 使用方法 | 条件 |
---|---|---|
bs4的HTML解析器 | BeautifulSoup(mk,‘html.parser’) | 安装bs34库 |
lxml的HTML解释器 | BeautifulSoup(mk,‘lxml’) | pip install lxml |
xml的HTML解释器 | BeautifulSoup(mk,‘xml’) | pip install lxml |
html5lb解释器 | BeautifulSoup(mk,‘html5lib’) | pip install html5lib |
BeautifulSoup类的基本元素
<p class="title"> ... </p>
基本元素 | 说明 |
---|---|
Tag | 标签,最基本的信息组织单元,分别用<>和</>标记开头和结尾 |
Name | 名字, … 的名字是‘p’,格式:.name |
Attributes | 属性,字典形式组织,格式:.attrs |
NavigableString | 标签内非属性字符串,格式:.string |
Comment | 标签内字符串的注释部分,一种特殊的Comment类型 |
>>> tag=soup.a #Tag
>>> tag
<a class="py1" href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-268001" id="link1">Basic Python</a>
>>> Name=soup.a.name #Name
>>> Name
'a'
>>> soup.a.parent.name
'p'
>>> soup.a.parent.parent.name
'body'
>>> Attributes=tag.attrs #Attributes
>>> Attributes
{'href': 'http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-268001', 'class': ['py1'], 'id': 'link1'}
>>> tag.attrs['class']
['py1']
>>> tag.attrs['href']
'http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-268001'
>>> type(tag.attrs)
<class 'dict'>
>>> type(tag)
<class 'bs4.element.Tag'>
>>> NavigableString=soup.a.string #NavigableString
>>> NavigableString
'Basic Python'
>>> soup.p
<p class="title"><b>The demo python introduces several python courses.</b></p>
>>> soup.p.string
'The demo python introduces several python courses.'
>>> type(soup.p.string)
<class 'bs4.element.NavigableString'>
>>> newsoup=BeautifulSoup("<b><!--This is a comment--></b><p>This is not a comment</p>","html.parser")
>>> newsoup.b.string
'This is a comment'
>>> type(newsoup.b.string) #Comment
<class 'bs4.element.Comment'>
>>> newsoup.p.string
'This is not a comment'
>>> type(newsoup.p.string)
<class 'bs4.element.NavigableString'>
BeautifulSoup节点遍历
属性 | 说明 |
---|---|
.contents | 由子节点组成的列表 |
.children | 子节点的迭代类型,与.contents类似,用于循环遍历 |
.decendants | 子孙节点的迭代类型,用于循环遍历 |
.parent | 父节点的标签 |
.parents | 祖先节点的迭代类型,用于循环遍历 |
.next_sibling | 返回按照HTML文本顺序的下一平行节点 |
.next_siblings | 返回按照HTML文本顺序的后续平行节点 |
.previous_sibling | 返回按照HTML文本顺序的前一平行节点 |
.previous_siblings | 返回按照HTML文本顺序的前序平行节点 |
BeautifulSoup节点检索–<>.find_all()
.find_all(name,attrs,recursive,string,**kwargs)
.find_all(标签名称,属性,搜索的所有子孙节点还是仅子节点(默认True,即前者),标签内非属性字符串,?? )
.find_all(name)
>>> soup.find_all('a')
[<a class="py1" href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-268001" id="link1">Basic Python</a>, <a class="py2" href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-1001870001" id="link2">Advanced Python</a>]
>>> soup.find_all(['a','b'])
[<b>The demo python introduces several python courses.</b>, <a class="py1" href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-268001" id="link1">Basic Python</a>, <a class="py2" href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-1001870001" id="link2">Advanced Python</a>]
.find_all(True) 返回所有子孙节点
>>> for tag in soup.find_all(True):
print(tag.name)
html
head
title
body
p
b
p
a
a
(…) 等效于 .find_all(…)
soup(..) 等效于 soup.find_all(..)
BeautifulSoup 其他检索方法
方法 | 说明 |
---|---|
<>.find() | 返回.find_all()的第一个结果 |
<>.find_parents() | 在祖先节点中搜索,返回列表类型 |
<>.find_parent() | 返回.find_parents()的第一个结果 |
<>.find_next_siblings() | 在平行后续节点中搜索,返回列表类型 |
<>.find_next_sibling() | 返回。find_next_siblings()的第一个结果 |
<>.find_previous_siblings() | 在平行前序节点中搜索,返回列表类型 |
<>.find_previous_sibling() | 返回<>.find_previous_siblings()的第一个结果 |
BeautifulSoup 与正则表达式相结合
>>> soup.find_all(id='link1')
[<a class="py1" href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-268001" id="link1">Basic Python</a>]
>>> soup.find_all(id='link')
[]
>>> import re
>>> soup.find_all(id=re.compile("link"))
[<a class="py1" href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-268001" id="link1">Basic Python</a>, <a class="py2" href="http://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-1001870001" id="link2">Advanced Python</a>]
>>>