BeautifulSoup库

python3爬虫学习笔记

BeautifulSoup

基本使用

html = '''
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there where three little sisters; and their name were
<a href="http://www.example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>,
<a href="http://www.example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a href="http://www.example.com/tillle" class="sister" id="link3">Tillle</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of the well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
'''

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.prettify())
print(soup.title.string)

标签选择器

选择元素

html = '''
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there where three little sisters; and their name were
<a href="http://www.example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>,
<a href="http://www.example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a href="http://www.example.com/tillle" class="sister" id="link3">Tillle</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of the well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.title)
print(type(soup.title))
print(soup.head)
print(soup.p)

获取名称

html = '''
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there where three little sisters; and their name were
<a href="http://www.example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>,
<a href="http://www.example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a href="http://www.example.com/tillle" class="sister" id="link3">Tillle</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of the well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.title.name)

获取属性

html = '''
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there where three little sisters; and their name were
<a href="http://www.example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>,
<a href="http://www.example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a href="http://www.example.com/tillle" class="sister" id="link3">Tillle</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of the well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.p.attrs['name'])
print(soup.p['name'])

获取内容

html = '''
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there where three little sisters; and their name were
<a href="http://www.example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>,
<a href="http://www.example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a href="http://www.example.com/tillle" class="sister" id="link3">Tillle</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of the well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.p.string)

嵌套选择

html = '''
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there where three little sisters; and their name were
<a href="http://www.example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>,
<a href="http://www.example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a href="http://www.example.com/tillle" class="sister" id="link3">Tillle</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of the well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.head.title.string)

子节点和子孙节点

html = '''
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there where three little sisters; and their name were
<a href="http://www.example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>,
<a href="http://www.example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a href="http://www.example.com/tillle" class="sister" id="link3">Tillle</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of the well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.p.contents)
html = '''
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there where three little sisters; and their name were
<a href="http://www.example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>,
<a href="http://www.example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a href="http://www.example.com/tillle" class="sister" id="link3">Tillle</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of the well.
</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.p.children)
for i, child in enumerate(soup.p.children):
    print(i, child)
html = '''
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there where three little sisters; and their name were
<a href="http://www.example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>,
<a href="http://www.example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a href="http://www.example.com/tillle" class="sister" id="link3">Tillle</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of the well.
</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.p.descendants)
for i, child in enumerate(soup.p.descendants):
    print(i, child)

父节点和祖先节点

html = '''
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there where three little sisters; and their name were
<a href="http://www.example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>,
<a href="http://www.example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a href="http://www.example.com/tillle" class="sister" id="link3">Tillle</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of the well.
</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.a.parent)

兄弟节点

html = '''
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there where three little sisters; and their name were
<a href="http://www.example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>,
<a href="http://www.example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a href="http://www.example.com/tillle" class="sister" id="link3">Tillle</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of the well.
</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(list(enumerate(soup.a.next_siblings)))
print(list(enumerate(soup.a.previous_siblings)))

标准选择器

find_all(name, attrs, recursive, text, **kwargs)

可根据标签名,属性,内容查找文档

name
html = '''
<div class="panel">
    <div class="panel-heading">
        <h4>Hello</h4>
    </div>
    <div class="panel-body">
        <ul class="list" id="list-1">
            <li class="element">Foo</li>
            <li class="element">Bar</li>
            <li class="element">Jay</li>
        </ul>
        <ul class="list list-small" id="list-2">
            <li class="element">Foo</li>
            <li class="element">Bar</li>
        </ul>
    </div>
</div>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.find_all('ul'))
print(type(soup.find_all('ul')[0]))
html = '''
<div class="panel">
    <div class="panel-heading">
        <h4>Hello</h4>
    </div>
    <div class="panel-body">
        <ul class="list" id="list-1">
            <li class="element">Foo</li>
            <li class="element">Bar</li>
            <li class="element">Jay</li>
        </ul>
        <ul class="list list-small" id="list-2">
            <li class="element">Foo</li>
            <li class="element">Bar</li>
        </ul>
    </div>
</div>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
for ul in soup.find_all('ul'):
    print(ul.find_all('li'))
attrs
html = '''
<div class="panel">
    <div class="panel-heading">
        <h4>Hello</h4>
    </div>
    <div class="panel-body">
        <ul class="list" id="list-1" name='elements'>
            <li class="element">Foo</li>
            <li class="element">Bar</li>
            <li class="element">Jay</li>
        </ul>
        <ul class="list list-small" id="list-2">
            <li class="element">Foo</li>
            <li class="element">Bar</li>
        </ul>
    </div>
</div>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.find_all(attrs={'id': 'list-1'}))
print(soup.find_all(attrs={'name': 'elements'}))
html = '''
<div class="panel">
    <div class="panel-heading">
        <h4>Hello</h4>
    </div>
    <div class="panel-body">
        <ul class="list" id="list-1" name='elements'>
            <li class="element">Foo</li>
            <li class="element">Bar</li>
            <li class="element">Jay</li>
        </ul>
        <ul class="list list-small" id="list-2">
            <li class="element">Foo</li>
            <li class="element">Bar</li>
        </ul>
    </div>
</div>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.find_all(id='list-1'))
print(soup.find_all(class_='element'))
text
html = '''
<div class="panel">
    <div class="panel-heading">
        <h4>Hello</h4>
    </div>
    <div class="panel-body">
        <ul class="list" id="list-1" name='elements'>
            <li class="element">Foo</li>
            <li class="element">Bar</li>
            <li class="element">Jay</li>
        </ul>
        <ul class="list list-small" id="list-2">
            <li class="element">Foo</li>
            <li class="element">Bar</li>
        </ul>
    </div>
</div>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.find_all(text='Foo'))

find(name, attrs, recursive, text, **kwargs)

find返回单个元素,find_all返回全部元素

html = '''
<div class="panel">
    <div class="panel-heading">
        <h4>Hello</h4>
    </div>
    <div class="panel-body">
        <ul class="list" id="list-1" name='elements'>
            <li class="element">Foo</li>
            <li class="element">Bar</li>
            <li class="element">Jay</li>
        </ul>
        <ul class="list list-small" id="list-2">
            <li class="element">Foo</li>
            <li class="element">Bar</li>
        </ul>
    </div>
</div>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.find('ul'))
print(type(soup.find('ul')))
print(soup.find('page'))

find_parents() find_parent()

find_parents()返回所有祖先节点,find_parent()返回直接父节点

find_next_siblings() find_next_sibling()

find_next_siblings()返回后面所有兄弟节点, find_next_sibling()返回后面第一个兄弟节点

find_previous_siblings() find_previous_sibling()

find_previous_siblings()返回前面所有兄弟节点, find_previous_sibling()返回前面第一个兄弟节点

find_all_next() find_next()

find_all_next()返回节点后所有符合条件的节点, find_next()返回节点后第一个符合条件的节点

find_all_previous() find_previous()

find_all_previous()返回节点前所有符合条件的节点,find_previous()返回节点前第一个符合条件的节点

CSS选择器

通过select()直接传入CSS选择器即可完成选择

html = '''
<div class="panel">
    <div class="panel-heading">
        <h4>Hello</h4>
    </div>
    <div class="panel-body">
        <ul class="list" id="list-1" name='elements'>
            <li class="element">Foo</li>
            <li class="element">Bar</li>
            <li class="element">Jay</li>
        </ul>
        <ul class="list list-small" id="list-2">
            <li class="element">Foo</li>
            <li class="element">Bar</li>
        </ul>
    </div>
</div>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
print(soup.select('.panel .panel-heading'))
print(soup.select('ul li'))
print(soup.select('#list-2 .element'))
print(type(soup.select('ul')[0]))
html = '''
<div class="panel">
    <div class="panel-heading">
        <h4>Hello</h4>
    </div>
    <div class="panel-body">
        <ul class="list" id="list-1" name='elements'>
            <li class="element">Foo</li>
            <li class="element">Bar</li>
            <li class="element">Jay</li>
        </ul>
        <ul class="list list-small" id="list-2">
            <li class="element">Foo</li>
            <li class="element">Bar</li>
        </ul>
    </div>
</div>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
for ul in soup.select('ul'):
    print(ul.select('li'))

获取属性

html = '''
<div class="panel">
    <div class="panel-heading">
        <h4>Hello</h4>
    </div>
    <div class="panel-body">
        <ul class="list" id="list-1" name='elements'>
            <li class="element">Foo</li>
            <li class="element">Bar</li>
            <li class="element">Jay</li>
        </ul>
        <ul class="list list-small" id="list-2">
            <li class="element">Foo</li>
            <li class="element">Bar</li>
        </ul>
    </div>
</div>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
for ul in soup.select('ul'):
    print(ul['id'])
    print(ul.attrs['id'])

获取内容

html = '''
<div class="panel">
    <div class="panel-heading">
        <h4>Hello</h4>
    </div>
    <div class="panel-body">
        <ul class="list" id="list-1" name='elements'>
            <li class="element">Foo</li>
            <li class="element">Bar</li>
            <li class="element">Jay</li>
        </ul>
        <ul class="list list-small" id="list-2">
            <li class="element">Foo</li>
            <li class="element">Bar</li>
        </ul>
    </div>
</div>
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
for li in soup.select('li'):
    print(li.get_text())

总结

1.推荐使用lxml解析库,必要时使用html.parser
2.标签选择筛选功能弱但是速度快
3.建议使用find(),find_all()查询匹配单个结果或多个结果
4.如果对CSS选择器熟悉建议使用select()
5.记住常用的获取属性和文本值的方法

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