HttpClient模拟http请求详解

一、HttpClient简介

HttpClient是Apache Jakarta Common下的子项目，用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持HTTP协议的客户端编程工具包，并且它支持HTTP协议最新的版本和建议。HttpClient最新版本是HttpClient 4.5.9。

以下是官方网站上httpClient支持的功能Examples（部分）。

二、HttpClient如何引入到Spring项目中

pom文件增加如下信息即可:

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.httpcomponents/httpclient -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
    <version>4.5.9</version>
</dependency>

三、HttpClient使用示例

1）get请求

/**
 *普通的GET请求
 */
public class DoGET {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // 创建Httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        // 创建http GET请求
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com");
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            // 执行请求
            response = httpclient.execute(httpGet);
            // 判断返回状态是否为200
            if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
                //请求体内容
                String content = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
                //内容写入文件
                FileUtils.writeStringToFile(new File("E:\\devtest\\baidu.html"), content, "UTF-8");
                System.out.println("内容长度："+content.length());
            }
        } finally {
            if (response != null) {
                response.close();
            }
            //相当于关闭浏览器
            httpclient.close();
        }
    }
}

2）post+form

/**
 * 常规post请求
 *    可以设置Header来伪装浏览器请求
 */
public class DoPOSTForm {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // 创建Httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        // 创建http POST请求
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://www.oschina.net/");
        //伪装浏览器请求
        httpPost.setHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36");
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            // 执行请求
            response = httpclient.execute(httpPost);
            // 判断返回状态是否为200
            if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
                String content = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
                //内容写入文件
                FileUtils.writeStringToFile(new File("E:\\devtest\\oschina.html"), content, "UTF-8");
                System.out.println("内容长度："+content.length());
            }
        } finally {
            if (response != null) {
                response.close();
            }
            httpclient.close();
        }
    }
}

3）post+json

/**
 * 常规post请求
 *    可以设置Header来伪装浏览器请求
 */
public class DoPOSTJson {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // 创建Httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        // 创建http POST请求
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/testJson");
        JSONObject params=new JSONObject();
        params.put("aa",11);
        httpPost.setHeader("Content-type", "application/json");
        httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(params.toJSONString(),"UTF-8"));
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            // 执行请求
            response = httpclient.execute(httpPost);
            // 判断返回状态是否为200
            if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
                String content = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
            }
        } finally {
            if (response != null) {
                response.close();
            }
            httpclient.close();
        }
    }
}

另外，HttpClient还支持PUT/DELETE传参以及https请求等功能，此处不赘述了。

参考文档：

官方说明：http://hc.apache.org/downloads.cgi

Github下载：https://github.com/apache/httpcomponents-client/tree/4.5.9