《Android群英传》读书笔记（7）第六章：Android绘图机制与技巧之三

1.SurfaceView

一般的View通过刷新来重绘视图，Android系统通过发出VSYNC信号来进行屏幕的重绘，刷新的时间间隔是16ms。如果在16ms内View完成了所需要执行的操作，那么用户在视觉上就不会产生卡顿的感觉；而如果执行的逻辑太多，特别是需要频繁刷新的界面，如游戏界面，那么就会不断的阻塞主线程，从而导致界面卡顿。为了避免这种问题，Android提供了SurfaceView来解决这个问题。

SurfaceView和View的区别主要是下面几点：

1. View主要适用于主动更行的情况，而SurfaceView适用于被动更新，例如频繁的刷新。
2. View在主线程中对画面进行，而SurfaceView通常会在一个子线程中进行页面的刷新
3. View在绘图时没有使用双缓冲机制，而SurfaceView在底层实现了双缓冲机制

下面是使用SurfaceView时的模板代码，基本可以满足大部分情况：

public class SurfaceViewTemplate extends SurfaceView implements SurfaceHolder.Callback,Runnable {

    private SurfaceHolder mHolder;
    private boolean mIsDrawing;
    protected Canvas mCanvas;
    public SurfaceViewTemplate(Context context) {
        this(context,null);
    }

    public SurfaceViewTemplate(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        init();

    }

    private void init() {
        mHolder = getHolder();
        mHolder.addCallback(this);
        setFocusable(true);
        setKeepScreenOn(true);
        setFocusableInTouchMode(true);
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(mIsDrawing) {
            try {
                mCanvas = mHolder.lockCanvas();
                draw();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }finally {
                if (mCanvas != null) {
                    mHolder.unlockCanvasAndPost(mCanvas);
                }
            }

        }
    }
    protected void draw(){

    }

    @Override
    public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
        mIsDrawing = true;
        new Thread(this).start();
    }

    @Override
    public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width, int height) {
    }

    @Override
    public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
        mIsDrawing = false;
    }
}

使用时可以继承自这个模板类，然后重写draw()方法，在里面实现绘制的逻辑。

下面是一个绘制正弦曲线的SurfaceView

public class SinView extends SurfaceViewTemplate {

    private Paint mPaint;
    private Path mPath;
    public SinView(Context context) {
        this(context, null);
    }

    public SinView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        prepare();
    }

    private void prepare() {
        mPaint = new Paint();
        mPaint.setColor(Color.RED);
        mPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
        mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
        mPaint.setStrokeWidth(10);
        mPaint.setStrokeJoin(Paint.Join.ROUND);
        mPaint.setStrokeCap(Paint.Cap.ROUND);

        mPath = new Path();
        mPath.moveTo(0,400);
    }
    int x = 0;
    int y = 0;
    @Override
    protected void draw() {
        x+=1;
        y = (int) (100 * Math.sin(x * 2 * Math.PI / 180) + 400);
        mPath.lineTo(x, y);
        mCanvas.drawPath(mPath, mPaint);
    }

}

下面的代码是使用SurfaceView实现的画笔功能

public class PaintView extends SurfaceViewTemplate {
    public PaintView(Context context) {
        this(context, null);
    }

    public PaintView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
    }

    private Paint mPaint;
    private Path mPath;

    @Override
    protected void init() {
        super.init();
        mPaint = new Paint();
        mPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
        mPaint.setColor(Color.RED);
        mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
        mPaint.setStrokeWidth(20);
        mPath = new Path();

    }

    @Override
    protected void draw() {
        mCanvas.drawColor(Color.WHITE);

        mCanvas.drawPath(mPath, mPaint);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        int x = (int) event.getX();
        int y = (int) event.getY();
        switch (event.getAction()) {
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
                mPath.moveTo(x,y);
                break;
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
                mPath.lineTo(x, y);
                break;
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
                break;
        }
        return true;
    }
}