socket 编程2

<pre name="code" class="cpp">/*******************************************************************************************
使用select函数可以以非阻塞的方式和多个socket通信。程序只是演示select函数的使用，功能非常简单，即使某个连接关闭以后也不会修改当前连接数，连接数达到最大值后会终止程序。

1. 程序使用了一个数组fd_A，通信开始后把需要通信的多个socket描述符都放入此数组。
2. 首先生成一个叫sock_fd的socket描述符，用于监听端口。
3. 将sock_fd和数组fd_A中不为0的描述符放入select将检查的集合fdsr。
4. 处理fdsr中可以接收数据的连接。如果是sock_fd，表明有新连接加入，将新加入连接的socket描述符放置到fd_A。
*******************************************************************************************/
 
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

#define MYPORT 1234    // the port users will be connecting to

#define BACKLOG 5     // how many pending connections queue will hold

#define BUF_SIZE 200

int fd_A[BACKLOG];    // accepted connection fd
int conn_amount;    // current connection amount

void showclient()
{
    int i;
    printf("client amount: %d\n", conn_amount);
    for (i = 0; i < BACKLOG; i++) {
        printf("[%d]:%d  ", i, fd_A[i]);
    }
    printf("\n\n");
}

int main(void)
{
    int sock_fd, new_fd;  // listen on sock_fd, new connection on new_fd
    struct sockaddr_in server_addr;    // server address information
    struct sockaddr_in client_addr; // connector's address information
    socklen_t sin_size;
    int yes = 1;
    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
    int ret;
    int i;

    if ((sock_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1) {
        perror("socket");
        exit(1);
    }

    if (setsockopt(sock_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &yes, sizeof(int)) == -1) {
        perror("setsockopt");
        exit(1);
    }
    
    server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;         // host byte order
    server_addr.sin_port = htons(MYPORT);     // short, network byte order
    server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; // automatically fill with my IP
    memset(server_addr.sin_zero, '\0', sizeof(server_addr.sin_zero));

    if (bind(sock_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)) == -1) {
        perror("bind");
        exit(1);
    }

    if (listen(sock_fd, BACKLOG) == -1) {
        perror("listen");
        exit(1);
    }

    printf("listen port %d\n", MYPORT);

    fd_set fdsr;
    int maxsock;
    struct timeval tv;

    conn_amount = 0;
    sin_size = sizeof(client_addr);
    maxsock = sock_fd;
    while (1) {
        // initialize file descriptor set
        FD_ZERO(&fdsr);
        FD_SET(sock_fd, &fdsr);

        // timeout setting
        tv.tv_sec = 30;
        tv.tv_usec = 0;

        // add active connection to fd set
        for (i = 0; i < BACKLOG; i++) {
            if (fd_A[i] != 0) {
                FD_SET(fd_A[i], &fdsr);
            }
        }

        ret = select(maxsock + 1, &fdsr, NULL, NULL, &tv);
        if (ret < 0) {
            perror("select");
            break;
        } else if (ret == 0) {
            printf("timeout\n");
            continue;
        }

        // check every fd in the set
        for (i = 0; i < conn_amount; i++) {
            if (FD_ISSET(fd_A[i], &fdsr)) {
                ret = recv(fd_A[i], buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
                if (ret <= 0) {        // client close
                    printf("client[%d] close\n", i);
                    close(fd_A[i]);
                    FD_CLR(fd_A[i], &fdsr);
                    fd_A[i] = 0;
                } else {        // receive data
                    if (ret < BUF_SIZE)
                        memset(&buf[ret], '\0', 1);
                    printf("client[%d] send:%s\n", i, buf);
                }
            }
        }

        // check whether a new connection comes
        if (FD_ISSET(sock_fd, &fdsr)) {
            new_fd = accept(sock_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr, &sin_size);
            if (new_fd <= 0) {
                perror("accept");
                continue;
            }

            // add to fd queue
            if (conn_amount < BACKLOG) {
                fd_A[conn_amount++] = new_fd;
                printf("new connection client[%d] %s:%d\n", conn_amount,
                        inet_ntoa(client_addr.sin_addr), ntohs(client_addr.sin_port));
                if (new_fd > maxsock)
                    maxsock = new_fd;
            }
            else {
                printf("max connections arrive, exit\n");
                send(new_fd, "bye", 4, 0);
                close(new_fd);
                break;
            }
        }
        showclient();
    }

    // close other connections
    for (i = 0; i < BACKLOG; i++) {
        if (fd_A[i] != 0) {
            close(fd_A[i]);
        }
    }

    exit(0);
}

#include  <unistd.h>
#include  <sys/types.h>       /* basic system data types */
#include  <sys/socket.h>      /* basic socket definitions */
#include  <netinet/in.h>      /* sockaddr_in{} and other Internet defns */
#include  <arpa/inet.h>       /* inet(3) functions */

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>


#include <poll.h> /* poll function */
#include <limits.h>

#define MAXLINE 10240

#ifndef OPEN_MAX
#define OPEN_MAX 40960
#endif

void handle(struct pollfd* clients, int maxClient, int readyClient);

int  main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    int servPort = 6888;
    int listenq = 1024;
    int listenfd, connfd;
    struct pollfd clients[OPEN_MAX];
    int  maxi;
    socklen_t socklen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
    struct sockaddr_in cliaddr, servaddr;
    char buf[MAXLINE];
    int nready;

    bzero(&servaddr, socklen);
    servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    servaddr.sin_port = htons(servPort);

    listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (listenfd < 0) {
        perror("socket error");
    }

    int opt = 1;
    if (setsockopt(listenfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt, sizeof(opt)) < 0) {
        perror("setsockopt error");
    }

    if(bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *) &servaddr, socklen) == -1) {
        perror("bind error");
        exit(-1);
    }
    if (listen(listenfd, listenq) < 0) {
        perror("listen error");    
    }

    clients[0].fd = listenfd;
    clients[0].events = POLLIN;
    int i;
    for (i = 1; i< OPEN_MAX; i++) 
        clients[i].fd = -1; 
    maxi = listenfd + 1;

    printf("pollechoserver startup, listen on port:%d\n", servPort);
    printf("max connection is %d\n", OPEN_MAX);

    for ( ; ; )  {
        nready = poll(clients, maxi + 1, -1);
        //printf("nready is %d\n", nready);
        if (nready == -1) {
            perror("poll error");
        }
        if (clients[0].revents & POLLIN) {
            connfd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *) &cliaddr, &socklen);
            sprintf(buf, "accept form %s:%d\n", inet_ntoa(cliaddr.sin_addr), cliaddr.sin_port);
            printf(buf, "");

            for (i = 0; i < OPEN_MAX; i++) {
                if (clients[i].fd == -1) {
                    clients[i].fd = connfd;
                    clients[i].events = POLLIN;
                    break;
                }
            }

            if (i == OPEN_MAX) {
                fprintf(stderr, "too many connection, more than %d\n", OPEN_MAX);
                close(connfd);
                continue;
            }

            if (i > maxi)
                maxi = i;

            --nready;
        }

        handle(clients, maxi, nready);
    }
}

void handle(struct pollfd* clients, int maxClient, int nready) {
    int connfd;
    int i, nread;
    char buf[MAXLINE];

    if (nready == 0)
        return;

    for (i = 1; i< maxClient; i++) {
        connfd = clients[i].fd;
        if (connfd == -1) 
            continue;
        if (clients[i].revents & (POLLIN | POLLERR)) {
            nread = read(connfd, buf, MAXLINE);//读取客户端socket流
            if (nread < 0) {
                perror("read error");
                close(connfd);
                clients[i].fd = -1;
                continue;
            }
            if (nread == 0) {
                printf("client close the connection");
                close(connfd);
                clients[i].fd = -1;
                continue;
            }

            write(connfd, buf, nread);//响应客户端  
            if (--nready <= 0)//没有连接需要处理，退出循环
                break;
        }
    }
}

/*该程序一个简单的聊天室程序，用Linux C++写的，服务器主要是用epoll模型实现.程序共包含2个头文件和3个cpp文件。其中3个cpp文件中，每一个cpp文件都是一个应用程序，server.cpp：服务器程序，client.cpp：单个客户端程序，tester.cpp：模拟高并发，开启10000个客户端去连服务器。*/

//******************************************************************************************
//utils.h头文件，就包含一个设置socket为不阻塞函数，如下：

int setnonblocking(int sockfd)
{
    CHK(fcntl(sockfd, F_SETFL, fcntl(sockfd, F_GETFD, 0)|O_NONBLOCK));
    return 0;
}

//******************************************************************************************
//local.h头文件，一些常量的定义和函数的声明，如下：

#define BUF_SIZE 1024                 //默认缓冲区
#define SERVER_PORT 44444             //监听端口
#define SERVER_HOST "192.168.34.15"   //服务器IP地址
#define EPOLL_RUN_TIMEOUT -1          //epoll的超时时间
#define EPOLL_SIZE 10000              //epoll监听的客户端的最大数目

#define STR_WELCOME "Welcome to seChat! You ID is: Client #%d"
#define STR_MESSAGE "Client #%d>> %s"
#define STR_NOONE_CONNECTED "Noone connected to server except you!"
#define CMD_EXIT "EXIT"

//两个有用的宏定义：检查和赋值并且检测
#define CHK(eval) if(eval < 0){perror("eval"); exit(-1);}
#define CHK2(res, eval) if((res = eval) < 0){perror("eval"); exit(-1);}

//==========================================================================================
//函数名：                  setnonblocking
//函数描述：                设置socket为不阻塞
//输入：                    [in] sockfd socket标示符
//输出：                    无
//返回：                    0
//==========================================================================================

int setnonblocking(int sockfd);

//==========================================================================================
//函数名：                  handle_message
//函数描述：                处理每个客户端socket
//输入：                    [in] new_fd socket标示符
//输出：                    无
//返回：                    返回从客户端接受的数据的长度
//==========================================================================================

int handle_message(int new_fd);

//******************************************************************************************
//server.cpp文件，epoll模型就在这里实现，如下：

#include "local.h"
#include "utils.h"

using namespace std;

// 存放客户端socket描述符的list
list<int> clients_list;

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int listener;   //监听socket
    struct sockaddr_in addr, their_addr;  
    addr.sin_family = PF_INET;
    addr.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT);
    addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(SERVER_HOST);
    socklen_t socklen;
    socklen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);

    static struct epoll_event ev, events[EPOLL_SIZE];
    ev.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;     //对读感兴趣，边沿触发

    char message[BUF_SIZE];

    int epfd;  //epoll描述符
    clock_t tStart;  //计算程序运行时间

    int client, res, epoll_events_count;

    CHK2(listener, socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0));             //初始化监听socket
    setnonblocking(listener);                                    //设置监听socket为不阻塞
    CHK(bind(listener, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr))); //绑定监听socket
    CHK(listen(listener, 1));                                    //设置监听

    CHK2(epfd,epoll_create(EPOLL_SIZE));                         //创建一个epoll描述符，并将监听socket加入epoll
    ev.data.fd = listener;
    CHK(epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, listener, &ev));

    while(1)
    {
        CHK2(epoll_events_count,epoll_wait(epfd, events, EPOLL_SIZE, EPOLL_RUN_TIMEOUT));
        tStart = clock();
        for(int i = 0; i < epoll_events_count ; i++)
        {
            if(events[i].data.fd == listener)                    //新的连接到来，将连接添加到epoll中，并发送欢迎消息
            {
                CHK2(client,accept(listener, (struct sockaddr *) &their_addr, &socklen));
                setnonblocking(client);
                ev.data.fd = client;
                CHK(epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, client, &ev));

                clients_list.push_back(client);                  // 添加新的客户端到list
                bzero(message, BUF_SIZE);
                res = sprintf(message, STR_WELCOME, client);
                CHK2(res, send(client, message, BUF_SIZE, 0));

            }else 
            {
                CHK2(res,handle_message(events[i].data.fd)); //注意：这里并没有调用epoll_ctl重设置socket的事件类型，但还是可以继续收到客户端发送过来的信息
            }
        }
        printf("Statistics: %d events handled at: %.2f second(s)\n", epoll_events_count, (double)(clock() - tStart)/CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
    }

    close(listener);
    close(epfd);

    return 0;
}

int handle_message(int client)  
{
    char buf[BUF_SIZE], message[BUF_SIZE];
    bzero(buf, BUF_SIZE);
    bzero(message, BUF_SIZE);

    int len;

    CHK2(len,recv(client, buf, BUF_SIZE, 0));  //接受客户端信息

    if(len == 0)   //客户端关闭或出错，关闭socket，并从list移除socket
    {
        CHK(close(client));
        clients_list.remove(client);
    }
    else          //向客户端发送信息
    { 
        if(clients_list.size() == 1) 
        { 
            CHK(send(client, STR_NOONE_CONNECTED, strlen(STR_NOONE_CONNECTED), 0));
                return len;
        }
        
        sprintf(message, STR_MESSAGE, client, buf);
        list<int>::iterator it;
        for(it = clients_list.begin(); it != clients_list.end(); it++)
        {
           if(*it != client)
           { 
                CHK(send(*it, message, BUF_SIZE, 0));
           }
        }
    }

    return len;
}

//******************************************************************************************
//tester.cpp文件，模拟服务器的高并发，开启10000个客户端去连接服务器，如下：

#include "local.h"
#include "utils.h"

using namespace std;

char message[BUF_SIZE];     //接受服务器信息
list<int> list_of_clients;  //存放所有客户端
int res;
clock_t tStart;

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int sock; 
    struct sockaddr_in addr;
    addr.sin_family = PF_INET;
    addr.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT);
    addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(SERVER_HOST);
    
    tStart = clock();

    for(int i=0 ; i<EPOLL_SIZE; i++)  //生成EPOLL_SIZE个客户端，这里是10000个，模拟高并发
    {
       CHK2(sock,socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0));
       CHK(connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr)) < 0);
       list_of_clients.push_back(sock);

       bzero(&message, BUF_SIZE);
       CHK2(res,recv(sock, message, BUF_SIZE, 0));
       printf("%s\n", message);
    }
   
    list<int>::iterator it;          //移除所有客户端
    for(it = list_of_clients.begin(); it != list_of_clients.end() ; it++)
       close(*it);

    printf("Test passed at: %.2f second(s)\n", (double)(clock() - tStart)/CLOCKS_PER_SEC); 
    printf("Total server connections was: %d\n", EPOLL_SIZE);
    
    return 0;
}

//******************************************************************************************
//单个客户端去连接服务器，client.cpp文件，如下：

#include "local.h"
#include "utils.h"

using namespace std;

char message[BUF_SIZE];

/*
    流程：
        调用fork产生两个进程，两个进程通过管道进行通信
        子进程：等待客户输入，并将客户输入的信息通过管道写给父进程
        父进程：接受服务器的信息并显示，将从子进程接受到的信息发送给服务器
*/
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int sock, pid, pipe_fd[2], epfd;

    struct sockaddr_in addr;
    addr.sin_family = PF_INET;
    addr.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT);
    addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(SERVER_HOST);

    static struct epoll_event ev, events[2]; 
    ev.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;

    //退出标志
    int continue_to_work = 1;

    CHK2(sock,socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0));
    CHK(connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr)) < 0);

    CHK(pipe(pipe_fd));
    
    CHK2(epfd,epoll_create(EPOLL_SIZE));

    ev.data.fd = sock;
    CHK(epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sock, &ev));

    ev.data.fd = pipe_fd[0];
    CHK(epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, pipe_fd[0], &ev));

    // 调用fork产生两个进程
    CHK2(pid,fork());
    switch(pid)
    {
        case 0:                   // 子进程
            close(pipe_fd[0]);    // 关闭读端
            printf("Enter 'exit' to exit\n");
            while(continue_to_work)
            {
                bzero(&message, BUF_SIZE);
                fgets(message, BUF_SIZE, stdin);

                // 当收到exit命令时，退出
                if(strncasecmp(message, CMD_EXIT, strlen(CMD_EXIT)) == 0)
                {
                    continue_to_work = 0;
                }
                else
                {            
                    CHK(write(pipe_fd[1], message, strlen(message) - 1));
                }
            }
            break;
        default:                 // 父进程
            close(pipe_fd[1]);   // 关闭写端
            int epoll_events_count, res;
            while(continue_to_work) 
            {
                CHK2(epoll_events_count,epoll_wait(epfd, events, 2, EPOLL_RUN_TIMEOUT));

                for(int i = 0; i < epoll_events_count ; i++)
                {
                    bzero(&message, BUF_SIZE);
                    if(events[i].data.fd == sock)   //从服务器接受信息
                    {
                        CHK2(res,recv(sock, message, BUF_SIZE, 0));
                        if(res == 0)               //服务器已关闭
                        {
                            CHK(close(sock));
                            continue_to_work = 0;
                        }
                        else 
                        {
                            printf("%s\n", message);
                        }
                    }
                    else        //从子进程接受信息
                    {
                        CHK2(res, read(events[i].data.fd, message, BUF_SIZE));
                        if(res == 0)
                        {
                            continue_to_work = 0; 
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            CHK(send(sock, message, BUF_SIZE, 0));
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
    }
    if(pid)
    {
        close(pipe_fd[0]);
        close(sock);
    }else
    {
        close(pipe_fd[1]);
    }

    return 0;
}