Android WiFi OBSS机制

• 1

  欢迎大家一起学习探讨通信之WLAN。今天我插入一篇探讨下WiFi的新Feature，基于Android 9.0分析探讨。
  好，我们先看下OBSS的原型：
  Overlapping BSS：重叠的BSS。作用是帮助AP报告当前无线信道环境的状况。

• 2
  这个功能在什么时候触发的呢？
  如下图1所示，WiFi连接空口日志。关于WiFi连接协议帧交互后续我们进行分析。回顾WiFi的扫描介绍，在下图中可以看到802.11 probe Requst和802.11 probe Response帧。在WiFi网络回复802.11 probe Response帧后，连接设备根据回复信息，如满足需求，则进入到下一认证关联阶段。下图中可看到认证和关联帧，详细分析后面章节介绍。
  
  回到本节主题WiFi OBSS机制，该功能在AP支持的情况下，才会触发使用。WiFi网络一般支持的功能都会在Beacon帧或802.11 probe Response中字段中携带表明。所以在WiFi网络回复的probe Response帧中可看到如下字段，如图2所示probe Response帧字段，如图3所示probe Response帧中OBSS字段。

Overlapping BSS Scan Parameters
    Element ID:    74  Overlapping BSS Scan Parameters [193]
    Length:   14 [194]
    OBSS Scan Passive Dwell:20 [195-196] //被动扫描停留时长20 TUs
    OBSS Scan Active Dwell:10 [197-198]  //主动扫描停留时长10 TUs
    BSS Channel Width Trigger Scan Interval:300  seconds [199-200]
    //触发扫描间隔300秒
    OBSS Scan Passive Total Per Channel:200 [201-202]
    //被动扫描每个信道总时长200 TUs
    OBSS Scan Active Total Per Channel:20 [203-204]
     //主动扫描每个信道总时长20 TUs
    BSS Width Channel Transition Delay Factor:5 [205-206]
     //BSS带宽信道转换延迟因子5
    OBSS Scan Activity Threshold:25  hundreths of a percent [207-208]
     //OBSS Scan运行门限值：25%

• 3

  接下来我们看下代码层面如何处理？

驱动层：

 驱动一般会对Linux 版本判断，大于某一版本后即可支持该功能，定义与NL80211_FEATURE_NEED_OBSS_SCAN相关的宏定义，表明支持OBSS 功能。

 - @NL80211_FEATURE_NEED_OBSS_SCAN: The driver expects userspace to perform
 - OBSS scans and generate 20/40 BSS coex reports. This flag is used only
 - for drivers implementing the CONNECT API, for AUTH/ASSOC it is implied.

Kernel层：

• 4

  在注册cfg80211设备时，会表明支持“NL80211_FEATURE_NEED_OBSS_SCAN ”功能。

drivers/net/wireless/cfg80211.c
/*
 * This function registers the device with CFG802.11 subsystem.
 * The function creates the wireless device/wiphy, populates it with
 * default parameters and handler function pointers, and finally
 * registers the device.
 */
int register_cfg80211(struct adapter *adapter)
{
        wiphy->features |= NL80211_FEATURE_HT_IBSS |
                           NL80211_FEATURE_INACTIVITY_TIMER |
                           NL80211_FEATURE_LOW_PRIORITY_SCAN |
                           //添加与OBSS相关的feature
                           NL80211_FEATURE_NEED_OBSS_SCAN |
                           NL80211_FEATURE_SCAN_RANDOM_MAC_ADDR |
}

wpa_supplicant层

• 5
  wpa_supplicant是改功能的具体实现，详细看下代码实现。WiFi连接时，使能该OBSS功能，WiFi断开时，关闭OBSS功能。

wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.c
/**
 - wpa_supplicant_set_state - Set current connection state
 - @wpa_s: Pointer to wpa_supplicant data
 - @state: The new connection state
 -  - This function is called whenever the connection state changes, e.g.,
 - association is completed for WPA/WPA2 4-Way Handshake is started.
 */
void wpa_supplicant_set_state(struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s,
                              enum wpa_states state)
{
	 if (state == WPA_COMPLETED && wpa_s->new_connection) {
	    sme_sched_obss_scan(wpa_s, 1);
	    //设置使能OBSS周期扫描
	 } else if (state == WPA_DISCONNECTED || state == WPA_ASSOCIATING ||state == WPA_ASSOCIATED) {
	    wpa_s->new_connection = 1;
	    sme_sched_obss_scan(wpa_s, 0);
	    //设置关闭OBSS周期扫描
	}
}

• 6

  wpa_supplicant中对OBSS feature是否支持获取及相关功能flag定义。

src/drivers/driver.h
#define WPA_DRIVER_FLAGS_OBSS_SCAN                    0x04000000
src/drivers/driver_nl80211_capa.c
static void wiphy_info_feature_flags(struct wiphy_info_data *info,
                                     struct nlattr *tb)
{
        if (flags & NL80211_FEATURE_NEED_OBSS_SCAN)
                capa->flags |= WPA_DRIVER_FLAGS_OBSS_SCAN;
}
 * @NL80211_FEATURE_NEED_OBSS_SCAN: The driver expects userspace to perform
 *      OBSS scans and generate 20/40 BSS coex reports. This flag is used only
 *      for drivers implementing the CONNECT API, for AUTH/ASSOC it is implied.
enum nl80211_feature_flags {
 NL80211_FEATURE_NEED_OBSS_SCAN                  = 1 << 10,
}

• 7

  wpa_supplicant中对OBSS feature实现如下。

wpa_supplicant/sme.c
void sme_sched_obss_scan(struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s, int enable)        
		        if (!enable)   //如果enble为0，直接返回。
                      return;
        /*
         * Schedule OBSS scan if driver is using station SME in wpa_supplicant
         * or it expects OBSS scan to be performed by wpa_supplicant.
         */
        if (!((wpa_s->drv_flags & WPA_DRIVER_FLAGS_SME) ||
              (wpa_s->drv_flags & WPA_DRIVER_FLAGS_OBSS_SCAN)) ||
            ssid == NULL || ssid->mode != IEEE80211_MODE_INFRA)
                return;//如果当前未连接或flag表示不支持直接返回
                
        //获取路由器协议帧中支持的间隔扫描时间。        
		wpa_s->sme.obss_scan_int = WPA_GET_LE16(ie + 6)；
        if (wpa_s->sme.obss_scan_int < 10) {
                wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "SME: Invalid OBSS Scan Interval %u " "replaced with the minimum 10 sec",  wpa_s->sme.obss_scan_int);
                wpa_s->sme.obss_scan_int = 10;
                //如果扫描间隔小于10秒，则赋值为10秒。
        }
       //注册扫描触发时间
        eloop_register_timeout(wpa_s->sme.obss_scan_int, 0,
                               sme_obss_scan_timeout, wpa_s, NULL);
}

static void sme_obss_scan_timeout(void *eloop_ctx, void *timeout_ctx)
{
        struct wpa_supplicant *wpa_s = eloop_ctx;
        struct wpa_driver_scan_params params;

        if (!wpa_s->current_bss) {   //当前未连接直接返回。
                wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "SME OBSS: Ignore scan request");
                return;
        }
        //触发WiFi扫描。
        if (wpa_supplicant_trigger_scan(wpa_s, &params))
                wpa_printf(MSG_DEBUG, "SME OBSS: Failed to trigger scan");
        else
                wpa_s->sme.sched_obss_scan = 1;
        os_free(params.freqs);
       //注册WiFi扫描
        eloop_register_timeout(wpa_s->sme.obss_scan_int, 0,
                               sme_obss_scan_timeout, wpa_s, NULL);
}

日志打印

• 8
  实测WiFi连接log打印如下。

04-22 16:43:00.516   890   890 D wpa_supplicant: nl80211: Received scan results (3 BSSes)
04-22 16:48:00.488   890   890 D wpa_supplicant: nl80211: Received scan results (6 BSSes)
04-22 16:53:00.450   890   890 D wpa_supplicant: nl80211: Received scan results (6 BSSes)

注：
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