设计模式（七）————模板方法模式（Template Pattern）

定义：在一个方法中定义一个算法的骨架，而将一些步骤延迟到子类中。模板方法使得子类可以在不改变算法结构的情况下，重新定义算法中的某些步骤。（工厂方法是模板方法的一个特殊版本）

UML类图：

C++实现：

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<mutex>
#include<stack>
using namespace std;


class Game
{
public:
	virtual void initialize() = 0;
	virtual void stratGame() = 0;
	virtual void endGame() = 0;
	void play()
	{
		initialize();
		stratGame();
		endGame();
	}
	virtual ~Game() = default;
};
class FootBallGame :public Game
{
	// 通过 Game 继承
	virtual void initialize() override
	{
		cout << "Initialize the football game!" << endl;
	}
	virtual void stratGame() override
	{
		cout << "Strat the football game!" << endl;
	}
	virtual void endGame() override
	{
		cout << "End the football game!" << endl;
	}
	virtual ~FootBallGame() {}
};
class PingPangGame :public Game
{
	// 通过 Game 继承
	virtual void initialize() override
	{
		cout << "Initialize the pingpang game!" << endl;
	}
	virtual void stratGame() override
	{
		cout << "Strat the pingpang game!" << endl;
	}
	virtual void endGame() override
	{
		cout << "End the pingpang game!" << endl;
	}
	virtual ~PingPangGame() {}
};
int main()
{
	Game* game = new FootBallGame();
	game->play();
	delete game;
	game = new PingPangGame();
	game->play();
	delete game;
	game = nullptr;
	return 0;
}

C#实现：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Xml;
using static System.Console;

namespace ConsoleApp1
{

    abstract class Game
    {
        public abstract void initialize();
        public abstract void startGame();
        public abstract void endGame();
        public void play()
        {
            initialize();
            startGame();
            endGame();
        }
    }
    class FootBallGame : Game
    {
        public override void endGame()
        {
            WriteLine("End the football game!");
        }

        public override void initialize()
        {
            WriteLine("Initialize the football game");
        }

        public override void startGame()
        {
            WriteLine("Strat the football game!");
        }
    }
    class PingPangGame : Game
    {
        public override void endGame()
        {
            WriteLine("End the Pingpang game!");
        }

        public override void initialize()
        {
            WriteLine("Initialize the Pingpang game!");
        }

        public override void startGame()
        {
            WriteLine("Strat the Pingpang game!");
        }
    }
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Game game = new FootBallGame();
            game.play();
            game = new PingPangGame();
            game.play();
        }
    }
}