【源码】java包装类总结

1.包装类除了Void和Character，其他六个全部都继承自Number。Number是一个抽象类。如下：

public abstract class Number implements java.io.Serializable {
    public abstract int intValue();
    public abstract long longValue();
    public abstract float floatValue();
    public abstract double doubleValue();
    public byte byteValue() {
        return (byte)intValue();
    }
    public short shortValue() {
        return (short)intValue();
    }
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -8742448824652078965L;
}

2.Integer、Byte、Short、Long内部都有"缓存"静态类,以Integer为例：

缓存即一个Integer数组，默认大小为-128~127。初始化时，会new出256个Integer对象存在此数组中。

 private static class IntegerCache {
        static final int low = -128;
        static final int high;
        static final Integer cache[];
        static {
            int h = 127;
            String integerCacheHighPropValue =
                sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
            if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
                int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
                i = Math.max(i, 127);
                // Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
                h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low));
            }
            high = h;
            cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
            int j = low;
            for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
                cache[k] = new Integer(j++);
        }
        private IntegerCache() {}
    }

当调用Integer.valueOf方法时，会首先判断参数是否在缓存范围内，若在，直接返回缓存对象，否则，构造之。

 public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
        assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;
        if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
            return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
        return new Integer(i);
    }

可见，Integer将加载缓存数组延迟到了最晚，避免浪费空间。

另外可以通过intValue方法返回Integer对应的int值（其他包装类类似）:

 public int intValue() {
        return value;
    }

value是Integer成员变量，构造时被传递进来：

 private final int value;

    public Integer(int value) {
        this.value = value;
    }
    public Integer(String s) throws NumberFormatException {
        this.value = parseInt(s, 10);
    }

3.除了Void类，其余包装类均实现了Comparable接口，可以通过compareTo方法比较两个包装类的大小。同时包装类提供了静态的compare方法比较两个参数的大小（以Integer为例）：

 public int compareTo(Integer anotherInteger) {
        return compare(this.value, anotherInteger.value);
    }

compareTo方法其实调用了compare静态方法：

public static int compare(int x, int y) {
        return (x < y) ? -1 : ((x == y) ? 0 : 1);
    }

4.Integer的getInteger方法的作用是返回具有指定名称的系统属性的整数值，不要误用。

public static Integer getInteger(String nm, Integer val) {
        String v = null;
        try {
            v = System.getProperty(nm);
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
        } catch (NullPointerException e) {
        }
        if (v != null) {
            try {
                return Integer.decode(v);
            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
            }
        }
        return val;
    }

5.包装类的toString方法经过了重写

public static String toString(int i) {
        if (i == Integer.MIN_VALUE)
            return "-2147483648";
        int size = (i < 0) ? stringSize(-i) + 1 : stringSize(i);
        char[] buf = new char[size];
        getChars(i, size, buf);
        return new String(buf, true);
    }
public String toString() {
        return toString(value);
    }

6.可以使用parseXXX方法将字符串转化为对应的数字。

public static int parseInt(String s, int radix)
                throws NumberFormatException
    {
        /*
         * WARNING: This method may be invoked early during VM initialization
         * before IntegerCache is initialized. Care must be taken to not use
         * the valueOf method.
         */
        if (s == null) {
            throw new NumberFormatException("null");
        }
        if (radix < Character.MIN_RADIX) {
            throw new NumberFormatException("radix " + radix +
                                            " less than Character.MIN_RADIX");
        }
        if (radix > Character.MAX_RADIX) {
            throw new NumberFormatException("radix " + radix +
                                            " greater than Character.MAX_RADIX");
        }
        int result = 0;
        boolean negative = false;
        int i = 0, len = s.length();
        int limit = -Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        int multmin;
        int digit;
        if (len > 0) {
            char firstChar = s.charAt(0);
            if (firstChar < '0') { // Possible leading "+" or "-"
                if (firstChar == '-') {
                    negative = true;
                    limit = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
                } else if (firstChar != '+')
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
                if (len == 1) // Cannot have lone "+" or "-"
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
                i++;
            }
            multmin = limit / radix;
            while (i < len) {
                // Accumulating negatively avoids surprises near MAX_VALUE
                digit = Character.digit(s.charAt(i++),radix);
                if (digit < 0) {
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
                }
                if (result < multmin) {
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
                }
                result *= radix;
                if (result < limit + digit) {
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
                }
                result -= digit;
            }
        } else {
            throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
        }
        return negative ? result : -result;
    }

 public static int parseInt(String s) throws NumberFormatException {
        return parseInt(s,10);
    }