一. 多对多关系
1.建立:
在模型的多对多关系中,我们可以通过一个中间层模型更精细的控制两个模型之间的关系,举例如下:
from django.db import models
class Person(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=128)
def __str__(self): # __unicode__ on Python 2
return self.name
class Group(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=128)
members = models.ManyToManyField(Person, through='Membership')
def __str__(self): # __unicode__ on Python 2
return self.name
class Membership(models.Model):
person = models.ForeignKey(Person)
group = models.ForeignKey(Group)
date_joined = models.DateField()
invite_reason = models.CharField(max_length=64)
其中,在中间层模型中,我们只能指定一个源模型和一个目标模型,如果不只一个,那我们需要though_field字段进行特殊控制。
通过源模型
>>> Group.objects.filter(members__name__startswith='Paul')
[<Group: The Beatles>】访问:
通过目标模型
>>> Person.objects.filter(
... group__name='The Beatles',
... membership__date_joined__gt=date(1961,1,1))
[<Person: Ringo Starr]直接通过中间层模型
>>> ringos_membership = Membership.objects.get(group=beatles, person=ringo)
>>> ringos_membership.date_joined
datetime.date(1962, 8, 16)
>>> ringos_membership.invite_reason
'Needed a new drummer.'通过一个对象进行反向查找
>>> ringos_membership = ringo.membership_set.get(group=beatles)
>>> ringos_membership.date_joined
datetime.date(1962, 8, 16)
>>> ringos_membership.invite_reason
'Needed a new drummer.'