django数据字段查询

5.2.4 字段查询

相当于sql语句中where子句，它可以为filter、exclude和get方法提供参数。

属性名称__比较运算符=值   #是两个下划线

操作符	说明	示例
exact/=	精确判等	uname = ‘admin’ uname__exact = 'admin' uname__exact = None #uname is null
iexact	不区分大小写判等	name__iexact = ‘admin’
contains	模糊查询，等价like ‘%值%’	uname__contains = ‘admin’
contains	不区分大小写的模糊查询	uname__icontains = ‘Admin’
startswith	以…开头	uname__startswith = ‘a’
istartswith	（不区分大小写)以…开头	uname__istartswith = ‘a’
endswith	以…结尾	uname__endswith = ‘m’
iendswith	（不区分大小写)以…结尾	uname__iendswith = ‘m’
isnull	判空(等价 = None)	uname__isnull = True #等价 uname is null unam__isnull = False #等价 uname is not null
in	包含	uid__in = [1,2,3] #in后面必须是可迭代对象
range	范围测试（相当between and)	uid__range = [2,5] #uid >=2 and cid <=5
gt/gte	大于/大于等于	uid__gt = 2
lt/lte	小于/小于等于	uid__lte = 2
regex	正则匹配	uname__regex= r’^a’
iregex	不区分大小写的正则匹配	uname__iregex= r’^a’

• in后面可以跟一个子查询，但要求子查询只能返回一个字段

  User.objects.filter(uid__in = (2,3,4))
  User.objects.filter(uid__in = [2,3,4])
  res = User.objects.filter(uid__gt = 1).values('uid')  #查询集中只有一个字段uid
  User.objects.filter(uid__in = res
  

• 日期查询

  • year、month、day、week_day、hour、minute、second

   #等价sql: select * from User where year(regtime) = 2018
   User.objects.filter(regtime__year = 2018)