微服务的拆分和远程调用

于 2021-11-17 18:14:43 发布
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分类专栏： SpringCloud 文章标签： spring boot spring cloud 微服务 restful java
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/chen2614/article/details/121382558
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1、服务拆分原则

  • 不同微服务，不要重复开发相同业务
  • 微服务数据独立，不要访问其它微服务的数据库
  • 微服务可以将自己的业务暴露为接口，供其它微服务调用
    在这里插入图片描述

2、服务拆分示例

这里是引用
cloud-demo：父工程，管理依赖

  • order-service：订单微服务，负责订单相关业务
  • user-service：用户微服务，负责用户相关业务

要求：

  • 订单微服务和用户微服务都必须有各自的数据库，相互独立
  • 订单服务和用户服务都对外暴露Restful的接口
  • 订单服务如果需要查询用户信息，只能调用用户服务的Restful接口，不能查询用户数据库

2.1、导入sql语句

cloud-order 数据
在这里插入图片描述

SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for tb_order
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `tb_order`;
CREATE TABLE `tb_order`  (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '订单id',
  `user_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户id',
  `name` varchar(100) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '商品名称',
  `price` bigint(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '商品价格',
  `num` int(10) NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '商品数量',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE,
  UNIQUE INDEX `username`(`name`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 109 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Compact;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of tb_order
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `tb_order` VALUES (101, 1, 'Apple 苹果 iPhone 12 ', 699900, 1);
INSERT INTO `tb_order` VALUES (102, 2, '雅迪 yadea 新国标电动车', 209900, 1);
INSERT INTO `tb_order` VALUES (103, 3, '骆驼（CAMEL）休闲运动鞋女', 43900, 1);
INSERT INTO `tb_order` VALUES (104, 4, '小米10 双模5G 骁龙865', 359900, 1);
INSERT INTO `tb_order` VALUES (105, 5, 'OPPO Reno3 Pro 双模5G 视频双防抖', 299900, 1);
INSERT INTO `tb_order` VALUES (106, 6, '美的（Midea) 新能效 冷静星II ', 544900, 1);
INSERT INTO `tb_order` VALUES (107, 2, '西昊/SIHOO 人体工学电脑椅子', 79900, 1);
INSERT INTO `tb_order` VALUES (108, 3, '梵班（FAMDBANN）休闲男鞋', 31900, 1);

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;

cloud-user 数据在这里插入图片描述

SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for tb_user
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `tb_user`;
CREATE TABLE `tb_user`  (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `username` varchar(100) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '收件人',
  `address` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '地址',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE,
  UNIQUE INDEX `username`(`username`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 109 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Compact;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of tb_user
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `tb_user` VALUES (1, '柳岩', '湖南省衡阳市');
INSERT INTO `tb_user` VALUES (2, '文二狗', '陕西省西安市');
INSERT INTO `tb_user` VALUES (3, '华沉鱼', '湖北省十堰市');
INSERT INTO `tb_user` VALUES (4, '张必沉', '天津市');
INSERT INTO `tb_user` VALUES (5, '郑爽爽', '辽宁省沈阳市大东区');
INSERT INTO `tb_user` VALUES (6, '范兵兵', '山东省青岛市');

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;

2.2、导入工程

在这里插入图片描述

父工程pom.xml

<parent>
     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
     <version>2.3.9.RELEASE</version>
     <relativePath/>
</parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <mapper.starter.version>2.0.2</mapper.starter.version>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR10</spring-cloud.version>
        <mysql.version>5.1.47</mysql.version>
        <mybatis.version>2.1.1</mybatis.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>

            <!-- 通用Mapper启动器 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
                <artifactId>mapper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>${mapper.starter.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!-- springCloud -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!-- mysql驱动 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>${mysql.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!--mybatis-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>${mybatis.version}</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

order-service pom.xml文件依赖如下：

<dependencies>
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
	<artifactId>springbootstarterweb</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
	<groupId>mysql</groupId>
	<artifactId>mysqlconnectorjava</artifactId>
</dependency>

<!--mybatis依赖-->
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
	<artifactId>mybatisspringbootstarter</artifactId>
</dependency>

<!--eureka客户端依赖-->

<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
	<artifactId>springcloudstarternetflixeurekaclient</artifactId>
</dependency>>

<!--nacos客户端依赖包-->
<dependency>
	<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
	<artifactId>springcloudstarteralibabanacosdiscovery</artifactId>
</dependency>

<!--feign客户端依赖-->
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
	<artifactId>springcloudstarteropenfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>

<!--引入HttpClient依赖-->
<dependency>
	<groupId>io.github.openfeign</groupId>
	<artifactId>feignhttpclient</artifactId>
</dependency>

<!--引入feign的统一api-->
	<dependency>
		<groupId>cn.itcast.demo</groupId>
		<artifactId>feignapi</artifactId>
		<version>1.0</version>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
	
<build>
	<finalName>app</finalName>
	<plugins>
		<plugin>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>springbootmavenplugin</artifactId>
		</plugin>
	</plugins>
</build>

user-service pom.xml文件依赖如下：

 <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.itcast.demo</groupId>
            <artifactId>feign-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mapper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        
        <!--mybatis依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        
        <!--nacos配置管理依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
     <finalName>app</finalName>
      <plugins>
          <plugin>
              <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
              <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
          </plugin>
      </plugins>
</build>

3、实现远程调用案例

order-service工程框架在这里插入图片描述

OrderMapper接口

package cn.itcast.order.mapper; 
import com.czxy.feign.pojo.Order;
import tk.mybatis.mapper.common.Mapper;

public interface OrderMapper extends Mapper<Order> {}

Order类

package cn.itcast.order.pojo;

import lombok.Data;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import java.math.BigDecimal;

@Data
@Table(name = "tb_order")
public class Order {
    @Id
    private Integer id;
    @Column(name = "user_id")
    private Integer userId;
    private String name;
    private BigDecimal price;
    private Integer num;

    private User user;
}

OrderService

package cn.itcast.order.service;

import cn.itcast.order.mapper.OrderMapper;
import cn.itcast.order.pojo.Order;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class OrderService {

    @Autowired
    private OrderMapper orderMapper;
    /*@Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    public Order queryOrderById(Long orderId) {
        // 1.查询订单
        Order order = orderMapper.findById(orderId);
        // 2.利用RestTemplate发起http请求，查询用户
        // 2.1.url路径
        String url = "http://userservice/user/" + order.getUserId();
        // 2.2.发送http请求，实现远程调用
        User user = restTemplate.getForObject(url, User.class);
        // 3.封装user到Order
        order.setUser(user);
        // 4.返回
        return order;
    }*/
}

OrderController

package cn.itcast.order.web;

import cn.itcast.order.service.OrderService;
import com.czxy.feign.pojo.Order;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.List;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/order")
@CrossOrigin
public class OrderController {

    @Autowired
    private OrderService orderService;
    @GetMapping("list")
    public List<Order> list(){
        List<Order> list = orderService.list();
        return list;
    }
}

OrderApplication

package cn.itcast.order;


import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import tk.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;

@EnableFeignClients(basePackages = "com.czxy.feign.client")
@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan(value = "cn.itcast.order.mapper")
public class OrderApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);
	}

	@Bean
	//负载均衡
	@LoadBalanced
	public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder builder) {
		return builder.build();
	}
}

application.yml

server:
  port: 8080
spring:
  application:
    name: orderservice
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm_vue?useSSL=false
    username: root
    password: 1234
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
  cloud:
    nacos:
      server-addr: localhost:8848 # Nacos地址  单机

user-service工程结构
在这里插入图片描述
UserMapper接口

package cn.itcast.user.mapper;

import com.czxy.feign.pojo.User;
import tk.mybatis.mapper.common.Mapper;

public interface UserMapper extends Mapper<User> {

}

UserService

package cn.itcast.user.service;

import cn.itcast.user.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.czxy.feign.client.UserClient;

import com.czxy.feign.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;


@Service
public class UserService implements UserClient {

    @Autowired
    private UserMapper userMapper;

    @Override
    public User selectByUid(Integer uid) {
        User user = userMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(uid);
        return user;
    }
}

UserController

package cn.itcast.user.web;

import cn.itcast.user.service.UserService;
import com.czxy.feign.pojo.User;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;


@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
@CrossOrigin
//@RefreshScope
public class UserController {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @GetMapping("{uid}")
    public User selectByUid(@PathVariable Integer uid) {
        return userService.selectByUid(uid);
    }
}

UserApplication

package cn.itcast.user;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import tk.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;

@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan(value = "cn.itcast.user.mapper")
public class UserApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(UserApplication.class, args);
    }
}

application.yml

server:
  port: 8081
spring:
  application:
    name: userservice
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm_vue?useSSL=false
    username: root
    password: 1234
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
  cloud:
    nacos:
      server-addr: localhost:8848 # Nacos地址单机
mybatis:
  type-aliases-package: com.czxy.feign.pojo
  configuration:
    map-underscore-to-camel-case: true
logging:
  level:
    cn.itcast: debug
  pattern:
    dateformat: MM-dd HH:mm:ss:SSS
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