block(程序块)

             之前程序中一直用block这里把它进行归类一下。block是ios4.0之后出来的一门新技术，应用也非常广泛，只要我们撑握其使用的翘门，使 用其来也是非常简单的，而且它能将传统程序简单化

       程序中" ^ "代表程序块也就是block,在我们接下来的程序中都会有^

            block的声明一般都是      返回类型(^block名称)(参数,...,...)   如 void(^firstBlock)(float ,float);

       block的定义 可以是如下  firstBlock=^(float r,float t){ NSLog(@"value is %f",r*t };

      我们也可以将声明和定义放在一块实现如下：

       void(^firstBlock)(float,float)=^(float r,float t){NSLog(@"value is %f",r*t};

     当我们需要使用它的时候执行如下  firstBlock(5.0,6.0);

     在这里需要注意一下，我们使用它的时候应该在能使用其范围内才能使用它，就跟变量一样，只有在其作用域 内才能使用它，写到这里觉得block跟变量差不多,说到跟变量一样这里提一下

     就是block引用外部的非对象型变量的时候一般是不能更改它的，除非在变量前加上__block,对于对象型的变量在block的内部引用的时候一般引用计数都会加1，为了打破这种 retain circle，可以在对象前加__block，这样block块就不会维护这个对象了

      block不仅能单独使用，还可以作为方法的参数如下

     -(void)changeValue:(void(^)(float,float))block,还过这里的block的写法和上面不一样，请注意

    使用也很简单 [self changeValue:firstBlock];

    

    再就是block还可以代替delegate进行回调，如有A和B两个UIViewController,给Ｂ定义一个属性block,从Ａ界面到Ｂ中时设置Ｂ的block,当我们需要在Ｂ中的任何时候执行回调的时候，直接执行block就行了，说到这里就不得不说一下作为属性block是不能进行retain的只能进行copy.还有block还可以用于多线程，这个以后再说

    

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

@interface BIDViewController : UIViewController
- (IBAction)clicked:(UIButton *)sender;
- (IBAction)secondClicked:(id)sender;
- (IBAction)thirdClicked:(id)sender;
@property (retain, nonatomic) IBOutlet UILabel *lb;

@end

#import "BIDViewController.h"
#import "FirstViewController.h"
@interface BIDViewController ()
{
    float (^oneFrom)(float);
}
@end

@implementation BIDViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
	// Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
    oneFrom=^(float aFloat){
        float result=aFloat-1.0;
        return result;
    };
}

- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning
{
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
    // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}

- (IBAction)clicked:(UIButton *)sender {
    NSLog(@"%f",oneFrom(10.0));
    
    
    void(^thirdfrom)(float)=^(float r){
        NSLog(@"%f",r*5.0);
    };
    [self changeValue:thirdfrom];
}

- (IBAction)secondClicked:(id)sender {
    __block CGFloat height=10.0;
    void(^twoFrom)(float)=^(float t){
        height+=t;
    };
    NSLog(@"height is %f",height);
    twoFrom(5.0);
     NSLog(@"height  is %f",height);
}

- (IBAction)thirdClicked:(id)sender {
    FirstViewController* first=[[FirstViewController alloc] init];
    __block UILabel* blockLb=_lb;
    //回调
    first.testBlock=^(float r){
        blockLb.text=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%f",r];
    };
    [self presentModalViewController:first animated:YES];
}

-(void)changeValue:(void(^)(float))from
{
    [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:3.0];
    from(10.0);
}
-(void)dealloc
{

    [_lb release];
    [super dealloc];
}
- (void)viewDidUnload {
    [self setLb:nil];
    [super viewDidUnload];
}
@end

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

@interface FirstViewController : UIViewController
@property(nonatomic,copy)void(^testBlock)(float);
- (IBAction)btnClicked:(id)sender;

@end

#import "FirstViewController.h"

@interface FirstViewController ()

@end

@implementation FirstViewController
@synthesize testBlock;
- (id)initWithNibName:(NSString *)nibNameOrNil bundle:(NSBundle *)nibBundleOrNil
{
    self = [super initWithNibName:nibNameOrNil bundle:nibBundleOrNil];
    if (self) {
        // Custom initialization
    }
    return self;
}

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view from its nib.
}

- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning
{
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
    // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}

- (void)dealloc {
    [super dealloc];
}
- (void)viewDidUnload {
    [super viewDidUnload];
}
- (IBAction)btnClicked:(id)sender {
    if (testBlock) {
        testBlock(4.0);
    }
    [self dismissModalViewControllerAnimated:YES];
}
@end

有什么问题请多多指教