Java输入输出

控制台输入输出

Scanner

Scanner官方文档

public static void main(String[] args)   { 
        List<Integer> arry=new ArrayList<Integer> ();
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        while(sc.hasNextLine())
        {

            String str=sc.nextLine();
            Scanner scc=new Scanner(str);
            while(scc.hasNextInt())
            {
            temp=scc.nextInt();
            arry.add(temp);
            }
            scc.close();
            for (int ss : arry) {
                System.out.print(ss+" ");
            }
            arry.clear();
            System.out.println();
        }
        sc.close();
}

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Byte Streams

Java byte streams are used to perform input and output of 8-bit bytes. Though there are many classes related to byte streams but the most frequently used classes are , FileInputStream and FileOutputStream.

import java.io.*;

public class CopyFile {
   public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException
   {
      FileInputStream in = null;
      FileOutputStream out = null;

      try {
         in = new FileInputStream("input.txt");
         out = new FileOutputStream("output.txt");

         int c;
         while ((c = in.read()) != -1) {
            out.write(c);
         }
      }finally {
         if (in != null) {
            in.close();
         }
         if (out != null) {
            out.close();
         }
      }
   }
}

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Character Streams

Java Byte streams are used to perform input and output of 8-bit bytes, where as Java Character streams are used to perform input and output for 16-bit unicode. Though there are many classes related to character streams but the most frequently used classes are , FileReader and FileWriter.. Though internally FileReader uses FileInputStream and FileWriter uses FileOutputStream but here major difference is that FileReader reads two bytes at a time and FileWriter writes two bytes at a time.

import java.io.*;

public class CopyFile {
   public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException
   {
      FileReader in = null;
      FileWriter out = null;

      try {
         in = new FileReader("input.txt");
         out = new FileWriter("output.txt");

         int c;
         while ((c = in.read()) != -1) {
            out.write(c);
         }
      }finally {
         if (in != null) {
            in.close();
         }
         if (out != null) {
            out.close();
         }
      }
   }
}

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Standard Streams

All the programming languages provide support for standard I/O where user’s program can take input from a keyboard and then produce output on the computer screen. If you are aware if C or C++ programming languages, then you must be aware of three standard devices STDIN, STDOUT and STDERR. Similar way Java provides following three standard streams

Standard Input: This is used to feed the data to user’s program and usually a keyboard is used as standard input stream and represented as System.in.

Standard Output: This is used to output the data produced by the user’s program and usually a computer screen is used to standard output stream and represented as System.out.

Standard Error: This is used to output the error data produced by the user’s program and usually a computer screen is used to standard error stream and represented as System.err.

import java.io.*;

public class ReadConsole {
   public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException
   {
      InputStreamReader cin = null;

      try {
         cin = new InputStreamReader(System.in);
         System.out.println("Enter characters, 'q' to quit.");
         char c;
         do {
            c = (char) cin.read();
            System.out.print(c);
         } while(c != 'q');
      }finally {
         if (cin != null) {
            cin.close();
         }
      }
   }
}

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FileInputStream

This stream is used for reading data from the files. Objects can be created using the keyword new and there are several types of constructors available.

import java.io.*;

public class fileStreamTest{

   public static void main(String args[]){

   try{
      byte bWrite [] = {11,21,3,40,5};
      OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream("test.txt");
      for(int x=0; x < bWrite.length ; x++){
         os.write( bWrite[x] ); // writes the bytes
      }
      os.close();

      InputStream is = new FileInputStream("test.txt");
      int size = is.available();

      for(int i=0; i< size; i++){
         System.out.print((char)is.read() + "  ");
      }
      is.close();
   }catch(IOException e){
      System.out.print("Exception");
   }    
   }
}

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JAVA I/O Re-direct

//out
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.PrintStream;
public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
    {       
        PrintStream ps=new PrintStream(new    FileOutputStream("work"));
        System.setOut(ps);
        System.out.println("Hello World!");
    }   
}

//in
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.util.Scanner;


public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
    {
        FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("work");
        System.setIn(fis);      
        Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
        while(sc.hasNextLine())
        {
            System.out.println(sc.nextLine());
        }
    }       
}

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Basic Input and Output

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Character-Based I/O & Character Streams

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Byte-Based I/O & Byte Streams