重入锁+读写锁+公平锁+非公平锁

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-06 17:02:49 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-03-06 17:02:49 发布

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分类专栏： Java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qiushisoftware/article/details/79168498

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synchronized关键字可以实现线程间的同步互斥工作。Lock对象锁是一种完成同步互斥工作的一个更优秀机制。它具有比synchronized更为强大的功能，并且有嗅探锁定、多路分支等功能。

重入锁

在需要进行同步的代码部分添加锁定，但不要忘记最后一定要释放锁定，不然会造成锁永远无法释放，其他线程永远进不来的结果。

UseReentrantLock.java

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class UseReentrantLock {
	
	private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
	
	public void method1(){
		try {
			lock.lock();//添加锁定
			System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入method1..");
			Thread.sleep(1000);
			System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "退出method1..");
			Thread.sleep(1000);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			
			lock.unlock();//finally中解除锁定
		}
	}
	
	public void method2(){
		try {
			lock.lock();
			System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入method2..");
			Thread.sleep(2000);
			System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "退出method2..");
			Thread.sleep(1000);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {

		final UseReentrantLock ur = new UseReentrantLock();
		Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				ur.method1();
				ur.method2();
			}
		}, "t1");

		t1.start();
		
	}
}

Eclipse的console输出：

Lock对象锁中的Condition

在使用synchronized的时候，如果需要多线程间进行协作工作，则需要Object的wait()和notify()、notifyAll()方法进行配合使用。在使用Lock对象锁的时候，可以使用一个新的等待/通知的类，它就是Condition。这个Condition一定是针对具体某一把锁的，也就是只有在锁的基础上才会产生Condition。

UseCondition.java

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class UseCondition {

	private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
	private Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
	
	public void method1(){
		try {
			lock.lock();
			System.out.println("当前线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入等待状态..");
			Thread.sleep(3000);
			System.out.println("当前线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "释放锁..");
			condition.await();	// Object wait
			System.out.println("当前线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() +"继续执行...");
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
	
	public void method2(){
		try {
			lock.lock();
			System.out.println("当前线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入..");
			Thread.sleep(3000);
			System.out.println("当前线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "发出唤醒..");
			condition.signal();		//Object notify
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		final UseCondition uc = new UseCondition();
		Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				uc.method1();
			}
		}, "t1");
		Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				uc.method2();
			}
		}, "t2");
		t1.start();

		t2.start();
	}
	
}

使用Lock对象创建一个Condition对象。main主线程中创建子线程t1、t2，线程t1执行过程中，调用condition.await(),使得线程t1处于阻塞状态。线程t2执行过程中，调用代码condition.signal();，发出唤醒通知，此时t1线程被唤醒，t1线程继续执行。

Eclipse中console输出如下：

多Condition

一个Lock对象可以创建多个Condition进行多线程间的交互，非常的灵活，可以使得部分需要唤醒的线程唤醒，其他线程则继续等待通知。

UseManyCondition.java

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class UseManyCondition {

	private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
	private Condition c1 = lock.newCondition();
	private Condition c2 = lock.newCondition();
	
	public void m1(){
		try {
			lock.lock();
			System.out.println("当前线程：" +Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入方法m1等待..");
			c1.await();
			System.out.println("当前线程：" +Thread.currentThread().getName() + "方法m1继续..");
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
	
	public void m2(){
		try {
			lock.lock();
			System.out.println("当前线程：" +Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入方法m2等待..");
			c1.await();
			System.out.println("当前线程：" +Thread.currentThread().getName() + "方法m2继续..");
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
	
	public void m3(){
		try {
			lock.lock();
			System.out.println("当前线程：" +Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入方法m3等待..");
			c2.await();
			System.out.println("当前线程：" +Thread.currentThread().getName() + "方法m3继续..");
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
	
	public void m4(){
		try {
			lock.lock();
			System.out.println("当前线程：" +Thread.currentThread().getName() + "唤醒..");
			c1.signalAll();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
	
	public void m5(){
		try {
			lock.lock();
			System.out.println("当前线程：" +Thread.currentThread().getName() + "唤醒..");
			c2.signal();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		
		final UseManyCondition umc = new UseManyCondition();
		Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				umc.m1();
			}
		},"t1");
		Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				umc.m2();
			}
		},"t2");
		Thread t3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				umc.m3();
			}
		},"t3");
		Thread t4 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				umc.m4();
			}
		},"t4");
		Thread t5 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				umc.m5();
			}
		},"t5");
		
		t1.start();	
		t2.start();	
		t3.start();	
		

		try {
			Thread.sleep(2000);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

		t4.start();	
		try {
			Thread.sleep(2000);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		t5.start();	
		
	}
	
}

Eclispe的console输出

公平锁与非公平锁

Lock lock=new ReentrantLock(boolean isFair);

lock用法：

tryLock():尝试获得锁，若未被占用返回true,否则返回false

isFair():是否是公平锁

isLocked():是否锁定

getHoldCount():查询当前线程保持此锁的个数，也就是调用lock()的次数

lockInterruptibly():优先响应中断的锁

getQueueLength():返回正在等待获取锁的线程数

getWaitQueueLength():返回等待与锁定相关的给定条件Condition的线程数

hasQueuedThread(Thread thread)：查询指定的线程是否正在等待此锁

hasQueuedThreads():查询是否有线程正在等待此锁

hasWaiters():查询是否有线程正在等待与此锁定有关的conditon条件

读写锁

读写锁ReentrantReadWriteLock,其核心就是实现读写分离的锁，在高并发访问下，尤其是读多写少的情况下，性能要远高于重入锁。之前学synchronized、ReentrantLock时，同一时间内，只能有一个线程进行访问被锁定的代码。而读写锁则不同，其本质是分成两个锁，即读锁、写锁。在读锁下，多个线程可以并发的进行访问，但是在写锁的时候，只能一个一个顺序访问。口诀：读读共享、写写互斥、读写互斥

UseReentrantReadWriteLock.java

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock.ReadLock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock.WriteLock;

public class UseReentrantReadWriteLock {

	private ReentrantReadWriteLock rwLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
	private ReadLock readLock = rwLock.readLock();
	private WriteLock writeLock = rwLock.writeLock();
	
	public void read(){
		try {
			readLock.lock();
			System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入...");
			Thread.sleep(3000);
			System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "退出...");
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			readLock.unlock();
		}
	}
	
	public void write(){
		try {
			writeLock.lock();
			System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入...");
			Thread.sleep(3000);
			System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "退出...");
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			writeLock.unlock();
		}
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		final UseReentrantReadWriteLock urrw = new UseReentrantReadWriteLock();
		
		Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				urrw.read();
			}
		}, "t1");
		Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				urrw.read();
			}
		}, "t2");
		Thread t3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				urrw.write();
			}
		}, "t3");
		Thread t4 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				urrw.write();
			}
		}, "t4");		
		
		t1.start();
		t2.start();
		t3.start();
		t4.start();
		
	}
}

Eclipse的console输出